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3.1 Vocabulary

Across
a structure within the cell that bears the genetic material as a thread-like linear strand of DNA with the genes in a linear order
the process of copying of DNA into messenger RNA in gene expression
one of the possible alternatives of a gene
the oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells that gives them their red colour and serves to convey oxygen to the tissues
an international scientific research project to determine the sequence of chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, and to identify and map all of the genes of the human genome. (3 words, no spaces)
a non-essential amino acid, occurring in proteins, that is replaced by valine in cases of sickle cell anaemia (2 words, no space)
an open access database, annotated collection of all publicly available nucleotide sequences and their protein translations
a type of chromosomal aberration in which a segment of the chromosome is removed or lost.
Mutation with exchange of a single nucleotide for another in the DNA sequence of a gene
an essential amino acid occurring in proteins that replaces glutamic acid in cases of sickle cell anaemia
Down
an autosomal recessive anaemia due to substitution of a single amino acid (valine for glutamic acid) characterized by red blood cell becoming sickle-shaped and non-functional. (3 words, no space)
the addition by mutation of one or more nucleotides to a chromosome
a hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism
the DNA of a prokaryote in the circular chromosome
the process of determining the locus for a particular biological trait (2 words, no space)
a genetic mutation, caused by a deletion or insertion in a DNA sequence, that shifts the way the sequence is read (2 words, no space)
the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule. (2 words, no space)
the position of a gene on the chromosome
a peptide, such as a small protein, containing many molecules of amino acids, typically between 10 and 100
a change of the DNA sequence within a gene or chromosome of an organism that results in the creation of a new character or trait not found in the parental type
the total genetic material of an organism.