is the enzyme that makes ATP which is located on the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
breaks glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules, occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol).
Discoid or ellipsoidal structure about 4-6 μm in length and 1-2 μm in thickness, bounded by a double membrane called chloroplast envelope.
classified according to the number of monosaccharide units found in their structure, relatively simple CH2O being made up of 2 or more monosaccharide held together by glycosidic linkages.
Manometer called Walburg apparatus measures changes in gas in a closed system indicated by a rise or fall of liquid (Brodie’s solution) in the graduated manometer tube. This rise or fall is due to change in gas pressure as a consequence of gas exchange by the tissue or organism involved.
The entire process of using the proton motive force to make ATP
least complex; simplest CH2O; building units of more complex CH2O such as oligo and polysaccharides.
respiration without oxygen; the process uses a respiratory electron transport chain but does not use oxygen as the electron acceptors; releases low amount of energy; it occurs in cytoplasm only; with two steps – Glycolysis and fermentation; products – lactic acid, ethyl alcohol, ATP, CO2
addition of electrons to the compound usually accompanied by the addition of hydrogen.
Enzyme responsible for fixing carbon (Ribulose biphosphate carboxylase).
Down
storage product of plant, upon complete hydrolysis yields α-D-glucose molecules. It is a product of the conversion of a large amount of sugar produced in photosynthesis, is deposited in the cell as starch grain. It is very prevalent in storage organs i.e. seeds, tubers, bulbs, etc.
A biochemical process in plants whereby specific substrates are oxidized with a subsequent release of CO2.
The cycle of chemical reactions performed by plants to “fix” carbon from CO2 into three-carbon sugars.
Functional component of cell wall thus the most abundant organic compound in the world. It comprises 20% of new cell wall and 43% of 2o wall.
Oxygen can be measured by counting bubbles evolved from pondweed submerged in dilute sodium or potassium bicarbonate solution in a constant temperature bath, or by using the Audus apparatus to measure the amount of gas evolved over a period of time.
complex molecules of high molecular weight composed of a large number of monosaccharide joined through glycosidic bonds; insoluble in water and lack sweetness
essential feature of transformation of CH2O. First step in practically all metabolic reactions involving sugars.
Arrangements of chlorophyll and other pigments packed into thylakoids.
removal of electrons from a compound usually accompanied by the removal of hydrogen.
respiration that uses oxygen; releases high amount of respiration; it occurs in cytoplasm and mitochondria; with three processes – Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport system; products – CO2 and H2O, ATP
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