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7.2 and 7.3 Vocabulary

Across
site in a DNA molecule at which RNA polymerase and transcription factors bind to initiate transcription of mRNA.
the irregular folding of a protein molecule due to the interactions of the R- groups Often includes both alpha helix and beta pleated sheets
the modification of a strand of DNA after it is replicated, in which a methyl (CH3) group is added and is one of the methods used to regulate the expression of genes.
segment of a gene situated between exons that is removed before the translation of messenger RNA and does not function in coding for protein synthesis.
the non-protein component of a conjugated protein, for example the heme group in hemoglobin. (2 words, no space)
Protein structure with repetitive folding of the polypeptide backbone of a protein due to the hydrogen bonds formed between the peptides.
sequence of DNA that codes information for protein synthesis that is transcribed to messenger RNA.
amino acid in which the functional group (R-) has hydrophobic properties
substance that binds to the operator and obstructs the RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and transcribing the gene.
Down
a coiled conformation common in many proteins; it is characterized by a spiral chain of amino acids stabilized by hydrogen bonds in which the resulting structure resembles a spring or helix. (2 words, no space)
amino acid in which the functional group (R-) has hydrophilic properties
RNA molecules that transport amino acids to ribosomes for incorporation into a polypeptide undergoing synthesis (according to directions coded in the mRNA).
structure of a protein defined by the characteristic three-dimensional arrangement of its constituent polypeptide subunits.
Process by which messenger RNA is synthesized from a DNA template resulting in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to the messenger RNA.
conversion of the information from the gene into mRNA via transcription and then to protein via translation resulting in the phenotypic manifestation of the gene. (2 words, no space)
a polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
protein such as hemoglobin, made up of a protein molecule and a non-protein prosthetic group.
structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones
the transfer of information from a RNA molecule into a polypeptide, involving the changing of language from nucleic acid to amino acid.
sheet that occurs in many proteins and consists of two or more parallel adjacent polypeptide chains arranged in a zigzag pattern, so that hydrogen bonds can form between the chains. (2 words, no space)
sequence of nucleotides that signals the end of transcription or translation and the completion of the synthesis of a nucleic acid or protein molecule
total genetic contents of an organism