Similar to Section 1983 brought against state officials and municipalities, ___ actions are constitutional claims brought directly under the authority of the Constitution against federal employees acting under color of federal law in violation of a person's Constitutional rights.
The purpose of the ___ Act is to protect the privacy rights and interests of individuals.
Another limitation on government tort liability is the doctrine that the government and officials are immune to liability for acts that are owed to the __ generally and no specific duty is owed to an individual.
The Government in the ___ Act is a federal statute that requires that agency meetings be open to the public for observation.
The purpose of the Government in the Sunshine Act is to ensure ___ of government, facilitating democracy and promote an informed citizenry.
The Privacy Act is a federal statute that prohibits the government from disclosing private records or information in its possession regarding ___.
The ___ Act prohibits federal employees from being candidates for a partisan elected office, and prohibits them from raising funds, identifying themselves as government employees while expressing their support for a partisan candidate or issue, using government facilities for expressing support for a partisan candidate or issue, or supporting a partisan candidate or issue while at work.
The Federal ___ Claims Act (1946) gave private parties the right to sue the US in federal court for certain torts committed by persons acting on behalf of the US.
Where absolute immunity does not apply, ___ immunity protects government officials from liability for civil damages so long as their action does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.
Three exceptions to liability are named in the FTCA: Executive functions, [some] intentional torts, and discretionary functions.
Persons sued under Section 1983 may be protected from liability by either absolute or qualified ___.
The ten ___ to the FOIA are:
•National defense and foreign policy, •Agency personnel matters, •Disclosures required by other statutes,
•Trade secrets and financial information, •Agency memoranda, •Personnel, medical and files containing private information, •Law enforcement records, •Financial institution information, •Geological information regarding wells,
•Critical infrastructures (a new post 9/11/01 exemption)
State and federal courts have ___ jurisdiction over Section 1983 claims, meaning that Section 1983 actions can be brought in either.
The three forms of ___ that FOIA provides for are
publication, inspection and copying,
and production upon request.
Eminent ___ is the authority to take private party for public use. Pursuant to the Fifth Amendment, governments must provide just compensation for taking property, including where the property is not actually taken but its use or value has been so greatly reduced by regulation that the government's regulations act as a taking.
Another limitation on government tort liability is the principle that the government is liable only for acts within one's ___ of government employment.