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Principles of Evolution 10.1-10.4

Across
proposed the theory of descent with modification, the first comprehensive and widely accepted theory of evolution through natural selection
a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can reproduce and have fertile offspring
the difference in the physical traits (phenotypes) of an individual from those of other individuals in the group to which it belongs
the process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits
evidence for evolution involving the comparison of developmental stages of animal embryos
a remnant, or representation, of an organism that existed in a past geological age, or of the activity of such an organism, occurring in the form of mineralized bones, shells, impressions, footprints etc.,
all the individuals of a species that live in an area.
a mechanism by which individuals that have inherited beneficial adaptations produce more offspring on average than do other individuals.
the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next.
structures which are similar because of convergent evolution and have a similar function but do not come from a common ancestor, the wing of a bee and the wing of a bird are analogous structures
Down
evidence for evolution involving the study of organisms from around the world, for example the distribution of Darwin’s finches on the different Galapagos Islands
landforms have formed as the result of slowly acting processes over a long period of time, such as erosion (often contrasted with catastrophism); can also mean the gradual change of a species through evolution
the change in the genetic composition of a population during successive generations, as a result of natural selection acting on the genetic variation among individuals
using the number of differences in DNA or amino acid sequences to show common ancestry
a feature that allows an organism to better survive and reproduce in its environment.
Study of fossils or extinct organisms
remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor, examples include the appendix in humans and pelvic bones in snakes
proposed that changes in an environment caused an organism’s behavior to change, leading to a greater use or disuse of a structure or organ; did not think that species become extinct - instead they must have evolved into different forms
Swedish botanist who developed a classification system for all types of organisms known at the time that reflects their evolutionary relationships
structures derived from a common ancestor but not necessarily similar in function: the wing of a bat and the foreleg of a horse are homologous.
a measure of the ability to survive and produce more offspring relative to other members of the population.
a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can reproduce and have fertile offspring