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Revision ESOC

Across
Variable that speakers are less aware of than a stereotype, but whose use they can control in style shifting
Ability to move between social classes, often determined by how defined class roles are in a particular culture (two words spelled without a space).
Abstract representation of a source of variation, realized by at least two variants, for example, gonna and will together form one XXX.
Force hypothesized to drive people to use a variant that is thought to be prestigious or correct and that is not part of their own casual speech (two words spelled without a space).
Term used to describe English dialects in which the /r/ following a vowel is pronounced.
The situation is described as “linguistic XXX” when speakers of a dialect or language are cut off from other varieties and have retained older features, so that their variety has developed differently from their sister ones.
Value associated with higher-status groups
Social positions that society assigns to its members, or the differences between social groups in terms of the prestige associated with them by others.
Down
When speakers overdo what they see as the linguistic requirements of a situation (usually in the direction of formality or use of standard variants).
A negative association, something viewed pejoratively.
The different expressions, or actual realizations of a variable
A word or custom whose variations in pronunciation or style can be used to differentiate members of in-groups from those of out-groups.
Description (adj.) of a norm or target that speakers unconsciously orient to, with a sort of hidden positive evaluation that speakers give to other (presumably non-standard) forms.
A subset of language used by a particular social group or class. Sometimes called social dialect.
Opposite of marked, a feature that is not noticed.