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Ch. 9 Molecular Biology Vocabulary

Across
_______ REPAIR- a form of DNA repair in which non-complementary nucleotides are recognized, excised, and replaced with correct nucleotides
ribosomal RNA; molecules of RNA that combine to form part of the ribosome
_______ STRAND- the strand of DNA that specifies the complementary mRNA molecule
describing non-genetic regulatory factors, such as changes in modifications to histone proteins and DNA that control accessibility to genes in chromosomes
_______ CODON- the AUG (or, rarely GUG) on an mRNA from which translation begins; always specifies methionine
a sequence present in protein-coding mRNA after completion of pre-mRNA splicing
______ RNA splicing- a post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanism in eukaryotes in which multiple protein products are produced by a single gene through alternative splicing combinations of the RNA transcript
_______ REPLICATION- the method used to replicate DNA in which the double-stranded molecule is separated and each strand acts as a template for a new strand to be synthesized, so the resulting DNA molecules are composed of one new strand of nucleotides and one old strand of nucleotides
non–protein-coding intervening sequences that are spliced from mRNA during processing
a sequence on DNA to which RNA polymerase and associated factors bind and initiate transcription
the process of removing introns and reconnecting exons in a pre-mRNA
_________ STRAND- the strand of DNA that is not used to transcribe mRNA; this strand is identical to the mRNA except that T nucleotides in the DNA are replaced by U nucleotides in the mRNA
an enzyme that contains a catalytic part and an inbuilt RNA template; it functions to maintain telomeres at chromosome ends
three consecutive nucleotides in mRNA that specify the addition of a specific amino acid or the release of a polypeptide chain during translation
___________ EXCISION REPAIR- a form of DNA repair in which the DNA molecule is unwound and separated in the region of the nucleotide damage, the damaged nucleotides are removed and replaced with new nucleotides using the complementary strand, and the DNA strand is resealed and allowed to rejoin its complement
_______ STRAND- during replication of the 3' to 5' strand, the strand that is replicated in short fragments and away from the replication fork
OKAZAKI ______- the DNA fragments that are synthesized in short stretches on the lagging strand
Down
an enzyme that helps to open up the DNA helix during DNA replication by breaking the hydrogen bonds
messenger RNA; a form of RNA that carries the nucleotide sequence code for a protein sequence that is translated into a polypeptide sequence
NITROGENOUS______- a nitrogen-containing molecule that acts as a base; often referring to one of the purine or pyrimidine components of nucleic acids
afive-carbonsugarmoleculewithahydrogenatomratherthanahydroxylgroupinthe2'position;thesugar component of DNA nucleotides
transfer RNA; an RNA molecule that contains a specific three-nucleotide anticodon sequence to pair with the mRNA codon and also binds to a specific amino acid
________ FORK- the Y-shaped structure formed during the initiation of replication
DOUBLE _______-
________ CODON- one of the three mRNA codons that specifies termination of translation
DNA ______-an enzyme that synthesizes a new strand of DNA complementary to a template strand
the DNA at the end of linear chromosomes
a permanent variation in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
_________ BUBBLE- the region of locally unwound DNA that allows for transcription of mRNA
DNA _____-the enzyme that catalyzes the joining of DNA fragments together
GENE ________- processes that control whether a gene is expressed
_______ CODE- the amino acids that correspond to three-nucleotide codons of mRNA
______ GROUP- a molecular group consisting of a central phosphorus atom bound to four oxygen atoms
_______ STRAND- the strand that is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction that is synthesized in the direction of the replication fork