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Lords, Vassals, and Knights of the Middle Ages

Across
The ________ often formed the focal point of village activity.
The Carolingian Empire was, in many respects, too diverse for its own good (e.g.: official documents were written in _______, a language few people spoke).
_________ were the lowest in the warrior class social order.
_________ allowed armies to move faster than ever before.
A slightly warmer climate and new methods of _________ helped transform the rural farmlands and made them more productive.
________ is the word used to describe the economic system created during this time period.
Noble families no longer divided their wealth up evenly, but rather would hand it down to the ________ son. Those without an inheritance would become knights or monks.
By 1000 AD, rule in Europe was so fragmented that each person who controlled a castle--known as a ________--was a ruler, albeit over a small area.
While the wealthier vassals could perhaps gain more land, the poor vassals depended on their lords to feed, clothe, and _________ them.
Down
The _______ were peasants at the bottom of the social order; it was not voluntary, but inherited. They worked as laborers on the lord's lands, which they weren't allowed to leave.
Another example of the Carolingians being too diverse: the King demanded loyalty from all, but most subjects only knew his representative, the local _______.
Vassals had to pledge allegiance via ceremony, in an act known as ________.
Warriors also were drawn into systems of dependence--not on kings, but rather on local lords. They became "faithful men," or, ________.
Some upperclass laywoman participated in the vassal system; others joined _______ to become members of the "prayers."
Patrilineal inheritance tended to bypass _________, although they could be used to forge alliances between families.
Many peasant villages felt a sense of _________ as they all pooled their resources to work together.
Medieval people often said that their society consisted of three groups: those who prayed, those who fought, and those who ______.
Lords gave ______, a temporary grant of land, to their dependents in exchange for the services--this created what's known as "the feudal system."
No matter how old they were, unmarried knights who lived with their lords were called _______--the result of a profound transformation in the organization of families and inheritance.