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Cells, proteins, and the tree of life

Across
Large protein complex in the cytosol or nucleus with proteolytic activity that degrades ubiquitylated proteins
Type of RNA first used for comparing living organisms to identify the three major domains of life
Enzyme that adds a phosphate group to its substrate
Building blocks of proteins
Any molecule that binds to a specific site on a protein or other molecule
RNA molecule that specifies the amino acid sequence of a protein.
The copying of one strand of DNA into a complementary RNA sequence.
General term for genes that are related by evolutionary descent.
The total genetic information of a cell or organism as embodied in its complete DNA sequence.
Covalent bond that joins adjacent amino acids in a protein
Living organism composed of one or more cells with a distinct nucleus and cytoplasm.
Type of protein secondary structure in which different sections of a polypeptide chain run alongside each other, held together by hydrogen bonding between atoms of the polypeptide backbone
Down
Theory proposed to explain the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria
One of three major domains of life, typically found in hostile environments such as hot springs or concentrated brine.
Nucleotide triphosphate that binds to some proteins to activate them
DNA containing structure not found in any prokaryotic cells
Process by which the sequence of nucleotides in an mRNA molecule directs the incoroporation of amino acids into a polypeptide.
Small highly conserved protein that is attached to lysines of selected target proteins to mark them for destruction
Structure formed from a lipid bilayer that surrounds all living cells
Organism that captures energy from energy-rich systems of inorganic chemicals in the environment.
Protein that catalyzes a specific chemical reaction.
Investigator who analyzed ribosomal RNA sequences to divide organisms into archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.