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Roots and Stems: HLSM_1010

Across
Modified stems that grow sideways rather than up, running along the surface of the soil or just below it
Roots that are fully or partially exposed to the air. They do attach to something, at least eventually, like trees, bark, or rocks, but they never become fully submerged in the soil.
The Bud Scales are modified leaves and commonly fall off after the bud breaks open.
Root hairs are formed as cells divide, which enable the root to absorb water and nutrients.
Usually continuous central strand of spongy tissue in the stems of most monocot vascular plants that probably functions chiefly in storage
Protects the root, outermost part
Legume nitrogen fixation starts with the formation of this:
Region in which cells differentiate and take on “jobs” like becoming xylem, phloem or cambium cells
An outer layer of a stem or root in a plant, lying below the epidermis but outside the vascular bundles
Also known as runners – are horizontal stems that grows above the ground with long internodes
Internal structure similar to non-fleshy roots except that there is more extensive tissue where the food or water reserves are stored
The central core of the stem and root of a vascular plant, consisting of the vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and associated supporting tissue
Down
Tubelike outgrowth of a root epidermal cell through which water and dissolved nutrients enter the plant
Section of root just behind the apex in which the cells produced in the meristem enlarge and lengthen the root
Extend horizontally from the primary root (radicle) and serve to anchor the plant securely into the soil. This branching of roots also contributes to water uptake, and facilitates the extraction of nutrients required for the growth and development of the plant
Modified Vertical Stem, underground shoots consisting mostly of the enlarged bases of leaves that store food
Tip of every root, made of layers of cells that prevent damage to the rest of the root as it pushes through the soil.
Grow from any other tissues other than root, serve to hold the plant in place or protect the plant from elements such as wind
Gatekeeper for vascular system, controls what enters and exits
Scars in the bark of a twig caused when a bud scale falls off
Erect roots that are some form of upward appendage or extension of the underground root system
netlike mass forms, with lateral roots
The main function of a prop root is for structural stability for the stem. Prop Roots are a type of adventitious root. They grow not from root tissue, but from the plant's stem or leaf tissues
Extended roots, grow out from the base of the trunk sometimes as high as 15 ft above the ground, increasing the area over which nutrients can be absorbed from the soil
Formed from the seasonal shedding of leaves from the plant
Enlarged modified stems that specialize in storing food, no tunic, with several growing points, called eyes
Have a tunic and a basal plate at the bottom and one or more growing points at the top