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Chapter 17 Bio 111, (3 of 3)

Across
A change in a single nucleotide pair of a gene.
A nucleotide triplet at on end of a tRNA molecule that base -pairs with a particular complementary codon on an mRNA molecule.
Aka- polysomes- a group of of several ribosomes attached to and translating, the same messenger RNA molecule.
A sequence of about 20 amino acids at or near the leading amino end of a polypeptide that targets it to the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles in the eukaryotic cell.
Written tRNA, is transfer RNA, aka (translator) An RNA molecule that functions as a translator between nucleic acid and protein languages by picking up specific amino acid and carrying it to the ribosome, where the tRNA recognizes the appropriate codon in the mRNA.
A chemical or physical agent that can interact with DNA and cause a mutation
If not corrected by DNA proof reading or repair it will be inherited.
Stop codon. (one of the 3)Damage depends on how close to the start codon. can cause shorter and usually non-functional proteins.
Down
Signal-recognition particle is a protien-RNA complex that recognizes a signal peptide as it emerges from a ribosome to the ER by binding to a receptor proteoin on the ER. (Endoplasmic Reticulum)
Ribosomal RNA genes are transcribed and the RNA is processed and assembled with proteins imported from the cytoplasm.
A nucleotide pair substitution that has no observable effect on the phenotype, for example, within a gene mutation that codes for the the same amino acid.
A nucleotide pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. may or not be a problem. variables-like what amino or where in protein structure.
Nucleotide pair- substitution; a type of point mutation in which one nucleotide in a DNA strand and it's partner in the complementary strand are replaced by another pair of nucleotides.
Insertion or deletion of one nucleotide pair. causes immediate nonsense (insertion) or missense (deletion).may not be a multiple of 3, resulting improper grouping of molecules.
A synthetases that is an enzyme that joins each amino acid to the appropriate tRNA. (there are 20 synthetases-one for each amino acid.)Driven by ATP-hydrolysis.
A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA or in the DNA or RNA of a virus.
Flexibilty in base-pairing rules which the nucleotide at the 5' end of a tRNA anticodon can form hydrogen bonds with more than one kind of base in the third position(3' end) of a codon.