The pope, also known as the supreme pontiff, is the bishop of Rome and leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
The Second Crusade was the second major crusade launched from Europe.
a member of any of certain religious orders of men, especially the four mendicant orders (Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans).
the division or conflict in the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417, when there were rival popes at Avignon and Rome. also called Schism of the West. the separation of the Eastern Church from the Western Church, traditionally dated 1054. also called Schism of the East.
of or consisting of the Eastern churches that form a loose federation according primacy of honor to the patriarch of Constantinople and adhering to the decisions of the first seven ecumenical councils and to the Byzantine rite.
a politically organized community or major territorial unit having a monarchical form of government headed by a king or queen
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.
The Third Crusade was an attempt by the leaders of the three most powerful states of Western Christianity to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.
Henry IV was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, king of Germany from 1054 to 1105, king of Italy and Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was the son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor,
a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.
Jerusalem is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
the office or authority of the Pope.
a male monarch of a major territorial unit
especially : one whose position is hereditary and who rules for life