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Medieval Europe

Across
a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance.
One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor that affirmed the primacy of papal authority and the new canon law governing the election of the pope by the College of Cardinals. He was also at the forefront of developments in the relationship between the emperor and the papacy during the years before he became pope. He was the first pope in several centuries rigorously to enforce the Western Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the clergy and also attacked the practice of simony.
someone or something having power, authority, or influence; a master or ruler.
(in the Middle Ages) a man who served his sovereign or lord as a mounted soldier in armor.
The First Crusade was the first of a number of crusades that attempted to recapture the Holy Land, called for by Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont in 1095.
the sovereign ruler of the Holy Roman Empire.
The Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is first among equals, or first in honor among all Eastern Orthodox bishops, who presides in person—or through a delegate—over any council of Orthodox primates or bishops in which he takes part and serves as primary spokesman for the Orthodox communion
Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.
officially exclude (someone) from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church.
the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code.
the female ruler of an independent state, especially one who inherits the position by right of birth.
The Holy Land is an area roughly located between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea that also includes the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River. Traditionally, it is synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine.
Down
The pope, also known as the supreme pontiff, is the bishop of Rome and leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
The Second Crusade was the second major crusade launched from Europe.
a member of any of certain religious orders of men, especially the four mendicant orders (Augustinians, Carmelites, Dominicans, and Franciscans).
the division or conflict in the Roman Catholic Church from 1378 to 1417, when there were rival popes at Avignon and Rome. also called Schism of the West. the separation of the Eastern Church from the Western Church, traditionally dated 1054. also called Schism of the East.
of or consisting of the Eastern churches that form a loose federation according primacy of honor to the patriarch of Constantinople and adhering to the decisions of the first seven ecumenical councils and to the Byzantine rite.
a politically organized community or major territorial unit having a monarchical form of government headed by a king or queen
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.
The Third Crusade was an attempt by the leaders of the three most powerful states of Western Christianity to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.
Henry IV was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, king of Germany from 1054 to 1105, king of Italy and Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was the son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor,
a building or buildings occupied by a community of monks living under religious vows.
Jerusalem is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
the office or authority of the Pope.
a male monarch of a major territorial unit especially : one whose position is hereditary and who rules for life