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Top 200 Quiz 2

Across
binds to benzodiazepine receptors on the postsynaptic GABA neuron to enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA and decrease neuronal excitability; side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, diarrhea, headache, parasomnias, dependence, respiratory depression; major drug interactions include CNS depressants, CYP3A4/5 inducers/inhibitors; BBW of complex sleep behaviors; dosed 5-12.5 mg QD HS PRN (max dose in females: 5 mg IR, 6.25 mg ER)
DPP-4 inhibitor that results in prolonged active incretin levels; used to treat T2DM; side effects include nasopharyngitis, N/D, upper respiratory infection, pancreatitis, acute renal failure, SJS, rhabdo, severe arthralgias; major drug interactions include p-glycoprotein inducers/inhibitors, corticosteroids, MAOIs; dosed 100 mg QD
long-acting synthetic analog of the incretin hormone GLP-1 that increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decreases inappropriate glucagon secretion, increases beta-cell growth/replications, slows gastric emptying and decreases food intake; used to treat T2DM and chronic weight management; side effects include increase in HR, N/V/D, constipation, injection site reaction/nodules, acute renal failure, thyroid carcinoma, exacerbation of chronic renal failure, pancreatitis; major drug interactions with thiazide diuretics and corticosteroids; BBW of thyroid C-cell tumor risk; in T2DM, dosed 0.6-1.8 mg QD; in CWM, dosed 0.6-3 mg QD
long-acting insulin analog that promotes the cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins; treats T1DM and T2DM; side effects include hypoglycemia, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, severe hypersensitivity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, MAOIs, somatostatina analogues, psylium; dosed 100 units/mL; generic equivalent is insulin detemir
biguanide that primarily decreases hepatic glucose production and secondarily improves peripheral insulin resistance in patients with T2DM; side effects include N/V/D, flatulence, abdominal discomfort, lactic acidosis, hemolytic anemia; major drug interactions with MAOIs, fluoroquinolones, psylium, beta-blockers, contrast agents, ranolazine, cimetidine; BBW of lactic acidosis; dosed 500-1000 mg QD to BID (max dose: 2550 mg/day)
INSTI used to treat HIV infection; side effects include N/D, insomnia, hyperglycemia, elevated LFTs, suicidal thoughts, hepatitis; major drug interactions include oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, metformin, rifampin, and polyvalent cations; dosed 10-50 mg QD to BID
DPP-4 inhibitor that results in prolonged active incretin levels; used to treat T2DM; side effects include nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory infection, hypoglycemia with sulfonylureas/insulin, cough, ↑ in uric acid, ↑ serum lipase, acute pancreatitis, severe arthralgias; major drug interactions include CYP3A4/5 inducers/inhibitors, p-glycoprotein inducers/inhibitors, corticosteroids and thiazide diuretics; dosed 5 mg QD
SGLT2 inhibitor that works in the proximal renal tubules of the nephron to reduce the reabsorption of filtered glucose and to lower renal threshold for glucose in patients living with T2DM; side effects include UTI infections, hyperkalemia, increase in urination, hypoglycemia, ketoacidosis, bone fractures; major drug interactions include UGT inducers (rifampin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, ritonavir); BBW of ↑ risk of lower limb amputations; dosed 100 or 300 mg QD
binds to benzodiazepine receptors on the postsynaptic GABA neuron to enhance the inhibitory effects of GABA and decrease neuronal excitability; side effects include impaired motor coordination, dizziness, memory disturbances, irritability, weight gain, respiratory depression, withdrawal seizures, paradoxical hyperactivity; major drug interactions include opioids and other CNS depressants, theophylline; BBW of risk with concomitant opioid use; dosed 7.5-30 mg QD HS
Down
sulfonylurea; binds to/closes KATP channels on beta cells, resulting in depolarization of the cell and opening of voltage-gated calcium channels causing an increase in insulin secretion; side effects include hypoglycemia, weight gain, asthenia (physical weakness), cutaneous hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia, hepatotoxicity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, CYP2C9 inducers/inhibitors, fluoroquinolones, NSAIDs; dosed 1-4 mg QD (max dose: 8 mg/day)
rapid-acting insulin analog that promotes the cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins; treats T1DM and T2DM; side effects include hypoglycemia, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, severe hypersensitivity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, MAOIs, somatostatina analogues, psylium; dosed 100 units/mL and 200 units/mL; generic equivalent is insulin lispro
rapid-acting insulin analog that promotes the cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins; treats T1DM and T2DM; side effects include hypoglycemia, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, severe hypersensitivity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, MAOIs, somatostatina analogues, psylium; generic equivalent is insulin aspart
INSTI + CYP3A4 inhibitor + 2 NRTIs that are used to treat HIV infections; side effects include ↑ LDL/triglycerides, nausea, ↓ bone mineral density; drug interactions include strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, fluticasone; BBW of exacerbation of hepatitis B; dosed 150/150/200/10 mg QD
long-acting insulin analog that promotes the cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins; treats T1DM and T2DM; side effects include hypoglycemia, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, severe hypersensitivity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, MAOIs, somatostatina analogues, psylium; dosed 300 units/mL; generic equivalent is insulin detemir
NRTIs + INSTI that is used to treat HIV infection; side effects include headache, fatigue, neutropenia, increased LFTs, musculoskeletal pain, hyperglycemia, hypertriglycereidemia, and hepatotoxicity; major drug interactions include oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, metformin, rifampin, and polyvalent cations; BBW of hypersensitivity reactions and exacerbations of hepatitis B; dosed 600/50/300 mg tablet QD to BID
used in ADHD and narcolepsy; blocks the reuptake of NE and DA into the presynaptic neurons to stimulate the cerebral cortex; side effects include nervousness, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, irritability, stomach pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, dry mouth, seizures, psychosis, dependence; major drug interactions include TCAs, SSRIs, MAOIs; BBW for potential abuse/dependence; generic equivalent is methylphenidate
sulfonylurea; binds to/closes KATP channels on beta cells, resulting in depolarization of the cell and opening of voltage-gated calcium channels causing an increase in insulin secretion; side effects include hypoglycemia, weight gain, asthenia (physical weakness), cutaneous hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia, hepatotoxicity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, CYP2C9 inducers/inhibitors, fluoroquinolones, NSAIDs; dosed 5-20 mg QD to BID (max dose: 20 mg/day)
promotes the release of NE and DA from storage sites in the presynaptic nerve terminals; used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy; side effects include elevated BP/HR, insomnia, emotional liability, ↓ appetite, CV events, exacerbation of tics, and psychosis; drug interactions include MAOIs, antacids, anticonvulsants and antihypertensives; BBW of potential for abuse/dependence and sudden death & serious CV events; dosed 5-60 mg QD to TID
sympathomimetic amine, used to treat simple obesity, that functions similar to amphetamines, causing CNS stimulation (& NE release) & weight loss due to an anorectic effect; side effects include hypertension, diarrhea, constipation, heart valve disorder, psychotic disorder, primary pulmonary hypertension; major drug interactions include MAOIs and alcohol; capsule dosage is 15-37.5 mg QD, tablet dosage is 8-37.5 mg QD
PPAR gamma selective agonist that lowers blood glucose by improving target cell response/sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetics; side effects include edema, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, myalgia, sinusitis, headache, HF, hepatotoxicity, macular edema; major drug interactions CYP2C8 inducers/inhibitors/substrates, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, MAOIs, SSRIs, gemfibrozil; BBW of exacerbation/causing CHF; dosed 15-45 mg QD
long-acting insulin analog that promotes the cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins; treats T1DM and T2DM; side effects include hypoglycemia, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, severe hypersensitivity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, MAOIs, somatostatina analogues, psylium; dosed 100 units/mL; generic equivalent is insulin glargine (also known as Lantus ®)