sulfonylurea; binds to/closes KATP channels on beta cells, resulting in depolarization of the cell and opening of voltage-gated calcium channels causing an increase in insulin secretion; side effects include hypoglycemia, weight gain, asthenia (physical weakness), cutaneous hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia, hepatotoxicity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, CYP2C9 inducers/inhibitors, fluoroquinolones, NSAIDs; dosed 1-4 mg QD (max dose: 8 mg/day)
rapid-acting insulin analog that promotes the cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins; treats T1DM and T2DM; side effects include hypoglycemia, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, severe hypersensitivity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, MAOIs, somatostatina analogues, psylium; dosed 100 units/mL and 200 units/mL; generic equivalent is insulin lispro
rapid-acting insulin analog that promotes the cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins; treats T1DM and T2DM; side effects include hypoglycemia, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, severe hypersensitivity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, MAOIs, somatostatina analogues, psylium; generic equivalent is insulin aspart
INSTI + CYP3A4 inhibitor + 2 NRTIs that are used to treat HIV infections; side effects include ↑ LDL/triglycerides, nausea, ↓ bone mineral density; drug interactions include strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, fluticasone; BBW of exacerbation of hepatitis B; dosed 150/150/200/10 mg QD
long-acting insulin analog that promotes the cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins; treats T1DM and T2DM; side effects include hypoglycemia, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, severe hypersensitivity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, MAOIs, somatostatina analogues, psylium; dosed 300 units/mL; generic equivalent is insulin detemir
NRTIs + INSTI that is used to treat HIV infection; side effects include headache, fatigue, neutropenia, increased LFTs, musculoskeletal pain, hyperglycemia, hypertriglycereidemia, and hepatotoxicity; major drug interactions include oxcarbazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, metformin, rifampin, and polyvalent cations; BBW of hypersensitivity reactions and exacerbations of hepatitis B; dosed 600/50/300 mg tablet QD to BID
used in ADHD and narcolepsy; blocks the reuptake of NE and DA into the presynaptic neurons to stimulate the cerebral cortex; side effects include nervousness, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, irritability, stomach pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, dry mouth, seizures, psychosis, dependence; major drug interactions include TCAs, SSRIs, MAOIs; BBW for potential abuse/dependence; generic equivalent is methylphenidate
sulfonylurea; binds to/closes KATP channels on beta cells, resulting in depolarization of the cell and opening of voltage-gated calcium channels causing an increase in insulin secretion; side effects include hypoglycemia, weight gain, asthenia (physical weakness), cutaneous hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia, hepatotoxicity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, CYP2C9 inducers/inhibitors, fluoroquinolones, NSAIDs; dosed 5-20 mg QD to BID (max dose: 20 mg/day)
promotes the release of NE and DA from storage sites in the presynaptic nerve terminals; used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy; side effects include elevated BP/HR, insomnia, emotional liability, ↓ appetite, CV events, exacerbation of tics, and psychosis; drug interactions include MAOIs, antacids, anticonvulsants and antihypertensives; BBW of potential for abuse/dependence and sudden death & serious CV events; dosed 5-60 mg QD to TID
sympathomimetic amine, used to treat simple obesity, that functions similar to amphetamines, causing CNS stimulation (& NE release) & weight loss due to an anorectic effect; side effects include hypertension, diarrhea, constipation, heart valve disorder, psychotic disorder, primary pulmonary hypertension; major drug interactions include MAOIs and alcohol; capsule dosage is 15-37.5 mg QD, tablet dosage is 8-37.5 mg QD
PPAR gamma selective agonist that lowers blood glucose by improving target cell response/sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetics; side effects include edema, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, myalgia, sinusitis, headache, HF, hepatotoxicity, macular edema; major drug interactions CYP2C8 inducers/inhibitors/substrates, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, MAOIs, SSRIs, gemfibrozil; BBW of exacerbation/causing CHF; dosed 15-45 mg QD
long-acting insulin analog that promotes the cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins; treats T1DM and T2DM; side effects include hypoglycemia, gastroenteritis, abdominal pain, upper respiratory infection, weight gain, severe hypersensitivity; major drug interactions include beta-blockers, fluoroquinolones, MAOIs, somatostatina analogues, psylium; dosed 100 units/mL; generic equivalent is insulin glargine (also known as Lantus ®)