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Unit 1.3: Biomolecules

Across
Describes a molecule that has no regions of charge. Oil is an example of a _____ substance. This is why it will not mix with water.
When an enzyme or another protein is exposed to certain environmental conditions, such as extreme changes in pH (acidity/alkalinity) or temperature, the protein will __________. This destroys the characteristic properties of the macromolecule by disrupting its molecular conformation (its shape).
The specific substance(s) that are broken down or transformed after binding to an enzyme
A carbohydrate monomer comprising 6 carbons, 12 hydrogens, and 6 oxygen
The property of water that allows it to stick to OTHER surfaces. Involved in transport of water from the roots of a plant to the leaves of a plant against the pull of gravity.
Describes a molecule that has distinct regions of positive and/or negative charge. Water is a _____ substance.
(Two Words) The attractive force exerted upon the surface molecules of a liquid by the molecules beneath. This property of water is the reason why water is a liquid across such a wide range of temperatures. If it weren't for this property of water, the oceans would boil away. This property is directly related to water's high specific heat capacity.
(Three words) The high ____ ____ ____ of water means that it takes a lot of energy to change the temperature of water. This allows the oceans to significantly moderate the climate of earth, because they can absorb a lot of energy from the sun during the day without allowing a significant increase in global temperature, and they can slowly release that energy as heat throughout the night, meaning the temperature doesn't drop as quickly or as much. This is also the reason why coastal areas tend to have milder climates than landlocked regions (think of what a winter or summer looks like in Kansas versus what it looks like in Newport, OR).
Water is a universal ______. This means that it can dissolve most substances. This becomes important for life on earth because single-cellular and multicellular organisms can transport dissolved nutrients within their cells and between their cells through a water-based media (such as cytoplasm, sap, or blood).
(Two Words) The monomer of proteins
(Two Words) A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
Down
Property of water that describes the molecules sticking to other water molecules. This allows for the development of surface tension, and is the reason why water naturally arranges into droplets.
A building block for other, larger biomolecules.
In a chemical reaction, the substances that come together to form new product(s)
a strong force of attraction holding atoms together in a molecule or crystal, resulting from the sharing or transfer of electrons
(Two Words) The property of water from which all of its other unique properties stem. Describes the weak attraction formed between one water molecule and four other water molecules.
The new substances that are made by a given chemical reaction
(Two words) The region of an enzyme that binds substrate(s) to form new product(s). This region has a unique shape, which determines what substrate(s) it is capable of binding and whether the enzyme is functional or non-functional.
a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together. For example: starches are composed of repeating glucose molecules.
Any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives. These are made of long hydrocarbon chains, are insoluble in water (they won't mix with water), and they are often used for energy storage in the cells of animals and plants. They include many natural oils, waxes, fats, and steroids.
any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body. Found in high amounts in food items such as breads, desserts, and root vegetables (like potatoes).
a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change
A class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc. They also exist as enzymes and antibodies.
A biological catalyst that speeds up important reactions in living cells. Typically a special protein.