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Module 1 Terminology

Across
Gene allele composition a person
When a person has two identical gene alleles for a single-gene trait,
Variant form of a gene and resides at a specific locus (location on a chromosome) in two copies, one copy of the gene inherited from each parent.
Study of the general mechanisms of heredity and the variation of inherited traits.
A specific set of instructions cells use to produce a specific protein
An organized arrangement of all the chromosomes within one cell during metaphase of mitosis
The process of manufacturing DNA
A single-gene trait that is expressed only when both gene alleles are the same.
Both pairs of all chromosomes (2N = 46 chromosomes)
The chromosomal pair that contains the genes for sexual differentiation along with some additional genes that are needed for somatic functions
The complete set of all proteins that a person makes at a given time under certain conditions
Specific chromosome location on a gene
When a cell’s nucleus contains the normal diploid number of chromosomes for the species
When a person has two different gene alleles for a single-gene trait
Down
Expressed even when the two gene alleles for that trait are different
How the gene is expressed (what a person looks like)
Division results in two new cells that are identical both to each other and to the original cell
The study of how proteins found in the proteome interact with each other
Condensed DNA structure formed for the purpose of cell division
Additional whole sets of extra chromosomes are present (NOT GOOD IF YOU ARE HUMAN)
The study of the function of all the nucleotide sequences present within the entire genome of a species
Duplication or reproduction of cell, resulting in two identical strands of DNA
Unwinds the double helix and initially separates the dsDNA (double stranded)
When a cell contains more or fewer chromosomes than the normal diploid number for the species
Normal human cells (any body cells that are not reproductive cells) with a nucleus and have the diploid number (2N) of chromosomes, 23 pairs (46 chromosomes).
Allows the DNA to compact itself without creating tangles or damaging its basic structure by winding around a set of globular proteins.
Of the 23 pairs of chromosomes, these are the 22 pairs of human chromosomes (numbered 1 through 22) that do not code for the sexual differentiation of a person
A complete set of one of each chromosome (1N=23 individual chromosomes)
basic structure of DNA