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Modules 16 & 17

Across
the minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 percent of the time
failing to notice changes in the environment
the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment
a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another
the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time. We experience the difference threshold as a just noticeable difference (or jnd)
the principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount)
below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness
failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
the study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them
information processing guided by higher-level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations
conversion of one form of energy into another. In sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies, such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret
analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of sensory information
Down
a theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus (signal) amid background stimulation (noise). Assumes there is no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a person’s experience, expectations, motivation, and alertness
the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
the study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis
the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events