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European Challenges to England

Across
Life in America was not a paradise but was hard and often ___________.
Historians refer to Nathaniel Bacon's acts of violence as a ___________.
The Spanish use this word to describe an individual who rules in the king's name.
The English saw these people as intruders on English soil and captured New Amsterdam from them without firing a shot.
This city became the capital of New Mexico for Spain in 1609 (two words).
The English had founded only two tiny settlements in America but they claimed all the territory from Newfoundland to this territory.
This language is the "second most" commonly spoken language in the United States.
The French king, Francois I, sent this Italian explorer to search for a northwest passage along the Atlantic Coast from North Carolina to Nova Scotia.
This word means "large grants of land" in Spanish.
This Spanish fort became the first permanent European settlement in North America. They called it St. __________.
The Dutch founded this colony two years after Dutch fur traders opened a post in Albany. They called it New _________.
Peter Minuit, the governor of New Amsterdam, bought this island which eventually became the center of what is New York City.
Down
Nathaniel Bacon drove the governor out of this town and burned it to the ground.
This was key to prosperity in the northern colonies just as cash crops were the key to prosperity farther south.
Rum was shipped to West Africa, where it was traded for this commodity.
This French explorer founded the first permanent French settlement in America at Quebec.
This type of trade involved three separate voyages between the northern colonies, the sugar islands, and England and was extremely profitable.
This is what is left over after the crystallized sugar has been boiled out of the sugarcane.
After the Susquehanna's (Native American Indians) killed 36 frontier settlers, this man formed a large force to punish the Indians.