A unique network of capillaries suspended between the afferent and efferent blood vessels, in which various substances normally filtered by this part of the kidney, reabsorbed by the tubules, and excreted in the urine include sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, potassium, glucose, urea, creatinine, and uric acid.
Stored in the kidneys. When a decrease in blood pressure is detected _______ this hormone is secreted and promotes the production of the protein angiotensin. This hormone converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II—the most powerful vasoconstrictor known; angiotensin II causes the blood pressure to increase.
Ability of the kidneys to clear solutes from the plasma. A 24-hour collection of urine is the primary test of to evaluate how well the kidney performs this important excretory function.
Regulation of sodium volume excreted depends on a hormone synthesized and released by the adrenal cortex. With increased of this hormone, less sodium is excreted in the urine,
Pair of bean-shaped, brownish-red structures located retroperitoneally (behind and outside the peritoneal cavity) on the posterior wall of the abdomen.
Down
Located within the renal parenchyma and are responsible for the formation of filtrate that will become urine. If the total number of functioning _________ is less than 20% of normal, renal replacement therapy needs to be considered.
Glycoprotein from the kidney that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBCs), which carry oxygen throughout the body.
Also known as vasopressin, is a hormone that is secreted by the posterior portion of the pituitary gland in response to changes in osmolality of the blood. With decreased water intake, blood osmolality tends to increase, stimulating its release.
A distensible muscular sac located just behind the pubic bone Usual capacity is 400 to 500 mL, but it can distend to hold a larger volume.
Urine flows through the renal calyces and then into the ______, which are long fibromuscular tubes that connect each kidney to the bladder, each has three narrow areas that are prone to obstruction by renal calculi (kidney stones) or stricture.
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