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METABOLISM

A study guide
Across
the building up (synthesis) of compounds
These catalyze reactions and allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments
Model where enzyme fits snugly around substrate; two words
Type of system where energy and matter can be transferred with surroundings
The "blank" metabolic rate of an organism is the measure of the amount of energy consumed by all of these chemical reactions
is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen
The maintenance of precise ion "blanks" across cell membranes maintains osmotic pressure and pH
Metabolism involves a vast array of chemical reactions, but most fall under a few basic types of reactions that involve the transfer of "blank" groups of atoms and their bonds within molecules
Capacity to do work
Reaction where you Add water to break one compound into two
Type of reaction where energy is lost, and used in digestion and catabolism
Down
Type of system where it is isolated from any outer surroundings
Type of response and inhibition where the end product of the metabolic pathway shuts down the path by binding to an allosteric site; Prevents energy waste and increases efficiency
Reaction where energy is invested and used in synthesis and anabolism
a set of Cellular metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products; Cellular "blank"
The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic "blanks", in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical
the breaking down of compounds
the major route of breakdown is "blank", where sugars such as glucose and fructose are converted into pyruvate and some ATP is generated
Region or "site" of enzyme where the substrate bonds
a nonprotein compound that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme; a cofactor; small set of metabolic intermediates to carry chemical groups between different reactions
the universal energy currency of cells