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Chapter 6

Across
Group that receives a fake treatment or therapy that seems like it would be beneficial but actually has no therapeutic effect.
A study design that includes a control arm, a treatment arm A, a treatment arm B, and treatment arm AB (patient receives both treatments)
The outcome measure of these trials typically are disease oriented and scientist or clinician based.
I.e. when patients with ankle instability are performing balance exercises 5 days per week, during the course of the study they are decreased to only 1 day per week to determine if their instability increases with less treatmetns.
Can be unethical to determine! This is what happens when a disease is allowed to run its course to its natural end to observe what happens over time.
Group that receives a fake drug or medicine which appears to be the same as the experimental group.
The group, or arm, that receives the standard clinically effective treatment
A clinical trial in which data from only those participants who complete the trial and comply with treatment protocol are included.
Each group or subgroup of participants receiving experimental or no treatment (many different types)
The rate at which events occur in the control group of a study.
An experiment testing a strength training protocol conducted in healthy, untrained persons under the supervision of the research team
Randomization technique that can cause an imbalance in subject assignments.
A study design consisting of a treatment group and control group with random allocation to groups.
The group, or arm, that receives the treatment
The data monitoring board reviews the data without knowing which groups are the experimental arm and which are not.
Either the subjects OR the researchers do not know who is receiving treatment
An event that threatens life, results in permanent or long-term disability, hospitalization, birth defect, or congenital abnormality
Down
Questions that can be important in understanding the primary questions. Usually substudies within the main study.
A process of assigning individuals to study groups in which the researcher creates groups for a specific person then randomly assigns individuals from groups to a treatment group.
Subjects are assigned to subgroups then from those groups randomly assigned to treatment conditions from those groups.
Inclusion of this group is the greatest way in which to ensure internal validity of the research.
A measure of the change in risk of an experimental treatment in relation to a control treatment. Calculated by subtracting the experimental event rate from the control event rate.
When an experimental group is compared to that of an experimental group in the past.
An experiment testing a strength training protocol conducted in healthy, untrained persons with clients at a fitness club
Two treatments are compared against eachother to identify whether one treatment is as effective as another with fewer drawbacks. Done with 4 very strict rules (+2 points per rule EC if you attach a written copy of the 4 rules per each member of the group.)
These studies are often long-term and serve the purpose of identifying safety issues and the effectiveness of the intervention.
Without this type of question the research can be unfocused and at risk of being unable to answer any question.
The number of people needed to be treated so that one person experiences a benefit.
The details of these questions are not typically planned because they cannot be predicted. Sometimes if these occur the research is stopped to prevent harm or further harm from coming to them.
Trials that assess the intervention under ideal condition. Determines whether the treatment works at all.
Any adverse event that is reported to or observed by clinicians during a study.
Both the subjects AND the researchers do not know who is receiving treatment
The rate at which events occur in the experimental group of a study.
Trials that assess the intervention under real world conditions.
The number of people needed to be treated so that one person experiences an adverse effect.