______________ of sarcolemma beneath synaptic knob increase surface area holding ACh receptors.
The quick up and down voltage shift(depolarization and repolarization)
Competes with ACh for receptor sites, but does not stimulate the muscles. Plant poison used by South American natives to poison blowgun darts
Loss of positive potassium ions turns the membrane negative again
A _________ is made up of a motor neuron and the skeletal muscle fibers innervated by that motor neuron's axonal terminals. Groups of __________ often work together to coordinate the contractions of a single muscle; all of the ___________within a muscle are considered a motor pool.
About -90 mV in skeletal muscle cells (Maintained by sodium-potassium pump)
Interferes with synaptic function and can paralyze muscles
Binds to acetylcholinesterase and prevent it from degrading Ach. Causes Spastic paralysis
Thin layer of collagen and glycoprotein separating Schwann cell and muscle cell from surrounding tissues
(Electrical potential) a difference in electrical charge from one point to another
Type of food poisoning caused by a neuromuscular toxin secreted by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Blocks release of ACh causing flaccid paralysis. Botox cosmetic injections used for wrinkle removal.
____________ in the spinal cord normally stops motor neurons from producing unwanted muscle contractions.
Tetanus toxin blocks __________ release in the spinal cord and causes overstimulation and spastic paralysis of the muscles.
Step in which the muscle fiber develops tension and may shorten
Down
Seen in excitable cells, whereas action potential is quick event seen in a stimulated excitable cell
When stimualtion ends, a muscle fiber relaxes and returns to its resting length
A state of continual contraction of the muscles; possible suffocation
Lockjaw- a form of spastic paralysis caused by toxin Clostridium tetani
AChE- located in the basal lamina to break down the Ach and allow for relaxation
The study of the electrical activity of cells
A chain of action potential perpetuating down the length of the cells membrane
Muscle fibers and neurons are electrically __________. Their membranes exhibit voltage changes in response to stimulation.
Process in which nerve action potentials lead to muscle action potentials.
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