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Chapter 8: The Atom

Across
Fundamental building blocks for all matter; the smallest representative sample of an element. It consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electrons.
Elements listed in the far righthand column of the periodic table of elements, including helium, argon, and neon, which are oderless, colorless, and slow to react.
(1)The very small, compact object at the center of an atom; made up primarily of protons and neutrons. (2) A prominent structure in the interior of a cell that contains the cell's genetic material-the DNA- and controls the cell's chemistry.
A specific energy level in an atom that can be filled with a predetermined number of electrons
A subatomic radioactive particle, made of two protons and two neutrons, used by Ernest Rutherford in a well-known experiment in which the nucleus was discovered.
A particle-like unit of light, emitted or absorbed by an atom when an electrically charged electron changes state. The form of a single packet of electromagnetic radiation.
A process by which an electron changes its energy state without ever possessing an energy intermediate between the original and the final energy states.
The hypothesis that for each chemical element there is a corresponding species of indivisible objects called atoms
A model of an atom, developed by Niels Bohr in 1913, in which electrons exist only in allowed energy levels. In these energy levels, the elecctrons maintain fixed energy for long periods of time, without giving off radiation.
Down
A material made from a single type of atom, which cannot be broken down chemically any further.
All energy levels of an atom above the ground state.
The characteristic signal from the total collection of photons emitted by a given atom that can be used to identify the chemical elements in a material; the atomic fingerprint
One of the two primary building blocks of the nucleus; with a positive electrical charge of +1 and a mass approx. equal to that of the neutron.