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Middle Ages Vocabulary

Across
Religious wars between the Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Land, especially Jerusalem.
A leader in the church, the bishop was often the top church leader in a kingdom.
The center of life during the Middle Ages, the manor was the local lord's house or castle.
A symbol used by knights on their shield, banner, and armor. It helped to distinguish one knight from another. (Three words)
A document forced upon King John of England by his barons. It said that the king was not above the law and that the people had the right to a fair trial. (Two words)
Germanic tribes who settled in the land that is today France.
An area of land given to a lord or baron by a king to rule.
A young boy that acts as a servant for a knight while training to become a knight someday.
The eastern half of the Roman Empire that was one of the strongest European empires during the Middle Ages. The capital city was Constantinople. (Two words)
The top ruler in a monarchy.
King of the Franks and the first Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne united much of western Europe during his reign.
Someone who pledges their allegiance to a lord.
A religious area or group of buildings where monks lived. Monasteries were isolated from the rest of the world so the monks could focus on worshiping God. Also called an Abbey.
The highest position in a guild, a master could own a shop and hire journeymen and apprentices.
A boy who worked for a guild master in order to learn a trade or craft.
Down
A peasant who worked the land for the local lord. The serf had few rights and was little better than a slave.
The code by which knights pledged to live. It involved honor, being courageous, and protecting the weak.
A ruler below the king in the feudal system, the baron ruled an area of land called a fief. He would pledge his loyalty to the king in return for the land.
A warrior who rode a horse and wore heavy metal armor. Knights were rewarded with land and were required to protect the king when needed.
A position in a guild above the apprentice, a journeyman worked for a master craftsman and earned a wage.
A system of government where the king allotted land to his lords and barons. The lords and barons would then pledge their loyalty to the king and promise to protect his rule. (Two words)
A defensive fortification where a lord or king would live. The local people would flee to the castle if they were attacked.
A deadly disease that spread through much of Europe during the Middle Ages. It is estimated that it killed at least one third of all the people in Europe. (Two words)
People who came from Scandinavia in Northern Europe. The Vikings raided many countries in Northern Europe during the Viking Age (800 to 1066).
An association of craftsmen that focused on a specific trade or craft such as making shoes or weaving cloth.
The wars where the Christian nations took back control of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) from the Muslim Moors.
An empire founded by Vikings in the city of Kiev. It was the forerunner of Russia. (Two words)
A knight in training, the squire would take care of the knight's armor and weapons. He would also accompany the knight into battle.
A ditch around a castle filled with water.
A large tower within a castle that was considered the last line of defense.