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L-2 Chapter 2

Across
Energy needed to heat 1 kilogram (about 2.2 pounds) of water by approximately 1oC. In nutrition, the unit of measurement for energy is the ______, but it is more commonly called a calorie.
Components of food that are needed for the body to function.
Process in which fats are combined with, treated with, or exposed to hydrogen to alter their physical properties and make them stay fresh longer.
Person who consumes vegetarian items plus dairy products and eggs.
Table salt that has been enriched with iodine as a nutritional supplement.
Person who follow the strictest diet of all and will consume no dairy, eggs, meat, poultry, fish, or anything containing an animal product or byproduct. They consume only grains, legumes, vegetables, fruit, nuts, and seeds.
Has no additives, so it has a purer flavor than table salt. It is usually coarser than table salt, which means it has larger crystals.
Hormone produced in the pancreas that allows glucose, or blood sugar, to travel throughout the body for energy use.
Plant or animal whose genetic makeup has been altered.
Chemical compounds found in food that are needed for regulating metabolic processes, such as digestion and the absorption of nutrients.
Very important simple sugar; glucose is the primary source of energy and the only source of energy for the brain and nervous system.
Down
Chemical compounds that have special functions in the body, including supplying nitrogen for growth and maintenance.
Body's main energy source; this type of nutrient provides the body with four kilocalories of energy per gram of food eaten and helps the body use protein and fat efficiently.
Person who consumes vegetarian items plus dairy products.
Composed of large complex molecules that contain long chains of amino acids, ______ is a class of nutrients that can supply energy to the body. ______ are needed to build new cells and repair injured ones. If used for energy, _____ can provide four calories of energy per gram to the body.
Chemical that might occur naturally or be synthetic, but is chemically identical to natural substances. _____ are added to food as a result of processing, production, or packaging.
White, waxy substance produced in the liver that helps the body carry out its many processes.
Person who consumes no meat, fish, or poultry products
Usually refers to both ___ and oils, although basic differences exist between the two. ___ are solid at room temperature and often come from animals.
Simmering a stock made from vegetables, meat, poultry, or fish until it is about one-third of the original volume. In the process of _____, the stock develops body, and its flavors intensify.
Substance found in plant food, such as whole grains, fruit, vegetables, nuts, and legumes, that promotes digestive health and regularity.
Special chemical messengers made by bodies that regulate different body functions. This term might also refer to substances injected into animals to make them grow.