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Ch 7: Plate Tectonics 7th Grade

Across
______ happens when parts of Earth’s crust rise to higher elevations. (132)
There are two physical layers in Earth’s core. The outer layer is the ______ _____. (115)
Beneath the asthenosphere is the __________, which is the lower part of the mantle. (115)
About 245 million years ago, all of the continents were joined into a single ___________. (120)
The crust is less than 1% of the Earth's mass and is 5 to 100 km ______. (114 picture)
Remember that _________ happens when matter carries heat from one place to another. (125)
The ___________ is the layer beneath the lithosphere. (115)
The thinnest, outermost layer of the Earth is the _______. (113)
The layer beneath the mantle that extends to the center of the Earth is the _____. (114)
Wegener proposed the hypothesis of ___________ ______. According to this hypothesis, the continents once formed a single landmass. Then, they broke up and drifted to their current locations. (119)
The mantle is 67% of the Earth's ______ and is 2,900 km thick. (114 picture)
In a _______ fault, the hanging wall moves up, or the footwall moves down, or both. (130)
Evidence for continental drift can also be found in ________ and rocks. (119)
The crack that forms when rocks break and move past each other is called a _______. (128)
Earthquakes create vibrations called _______ _____. (117)
__________ crust forms the continents. (113)
Down
The theory of _____ _______ states that Earth’s lithosphere is broken into many pieces—tectonic plates—that move slowly over the asthenosphere. (123)
________ crust is found beneath the oceans. (113)
The tectonic plates that make up the lithosphere are like pieces of a giant ______ puzzle. (116)
A _________ is a substance composed of two or more elements. (113)
Scientists detect seismic waves using instruments called _________. (117)
______ is the amount of force per unit area that is placed on an object. (127)
A ________ boundary forms where plates are moving apart. (123)
This supercontinent was called _______. (120)
Pieces of the lithosphere that move around on top of the asthenosphere are called _______ ______. (115)
_________ study earthquakes. (117)
The newly formed crust pushes the older crust away from the mid-ocean ridge. This process is called ____ - _____ spreading. (120)
In a _______- _____ fault, the fault blocks move past each other horizontally. (130)
A _________ boundary forms where plates are moving together. (124)
_________ is stress that pushes rock together. (130)
Scientists also divide Earth into five layers based on physical properties. The outer layer is the ________. (115)
The core is 33% of Earth's mass and has a ______ of 3,480 km. (114 picture)
________ mountains form when melted rock erupts onto Earth’s surface. (132)
The layer of the Earth between the crust and the core is the ______. (114)