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Chapter 18

Across
Intrusive igneous rock body, including batholiths, stocks, sills, and dikes, formed through mountain-building processes and oceanic-oceanic collisions; can be exposed at Earth's surface due to uplift and erosion
Describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam
Broad volcano with gently sloping sides built by nonexplosive eruptions of basaltic lava that accumulates in layers
Pluton that forms when magma intrudes parallel rock layers
Opening in Earth's crust through which lava erupts and flows out onto the surface
Generally cone-shaped with concave slopes; built by violent eruptions of volcanic fragments and lava that accumulate in alternating layers
Pluton that cuts across preexisting rocks and often forms when magma invades cracks in surrounding rock bodies
Unusually hot area in Earth's mantle where high-temperature plumes of mantle material rise toward the surface
Course-grained, irregularly shaped, igneous rock mass that covers at least 100 km^2, generally forms 10-30 km below Earth's surface, and is common in the interior of major mountain chains
Tubelike structure that allows lava to reach the surface
Bowl-shaped depression that forms around the central vent at the summit of a volcano
Down
Huge amounts of lava that erupt from fissures
Rock fragments, classified by size, that are thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption and fall to the ground
Swift-moving, potentially deadly clouds of gas, ash, and other volcanic materials produced by a violent eruption
Steep-sided, generally small volcano that is built by the accumulation of tephra around the vent
Large crater, up to 50 km in diameter, that can form when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber during or after an eruption
Relatively small, mushroom-shaped pluton that forms when magma intrudes into parallel rock layers close to Earth's surface
A substance's internal resistance to flow
Irregularly shaped pluton that is similar to a batholith but smaller, generally forms 5-30 km beneath the Earth's surface, and cuts across older rocks
Long cracks in the Earth