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Chapter 15

Across
Highest point of a wave
Level of the oceans' surfaces which has risen at a rate of 3mm per year
Coastal area of lowest salinity often occurs where the lower end of a freshwater river or stream enters the ocean
Tide that occurs during first or third quarter Moon, when the Sun, the Moon, and Earth form right angles; this causes solar tides to diminish lunar tides, causing high tides to be lower than normal and low tides to be higher than normal
Plots changing ocean water temperatures against depth, which varies, depending on location and season
Wind-driven movement of ocean water that primarily affects the upper few hundred meters of the ocean
Transitional ocean layer that lies between the relatively warn, sunlit surface layer and the colder, dark, dense bottom layer and is characterized by temperatures that decrease rapidly with depth
Rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space and, in oceans, is generally maintained by wind moving over the surface of the water
Down
Lowest point of a wave
Upward movement of ocean water that occurs when winds push surface water aside and it is replaced with cold, deeper waters that originate below the thermocline
During full or new moon, the Sun, the Moon, and the Earth are all aligned; this causes solar tides to enhance lunar tides, causing high tides to be higher than normal and low tides to be lower than normal
Measure of the amount of dissolved salts in seawater
Movement of ocean water that occurs in depths too great to be affected by surface winds and is generated by differences in water temperature and salinity
Technique that directs sound waves to the sea floor at an angle so that the sides of underwater hills and other topographic features can be mapped
Collapsing wave that forms when a wave reaches shallow water and becomes so steep that the crest topples forward
Periodic rise and fall of sea level caused by the gravitational attraction among Earth, the Moon, and the Sun