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Endocrine System

Across
______ syndrome refers to the clinical manifestations resulting from chronic exposure to excess cortisol, regardless of cause.
SIADH results in an expansion of extracellular fluid volume that leads to dilutional ______.
In primary hypothyroidism, loss of thyroid function leads to decreased production of thyroid hormone and ______ secretion of TSH and TRH.
_______ is a hormone produced by alpha cells of the islets, acts in the liver to increase blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
FSH and LH deficiencies in women of reproductive age are associated with ______.
Congenital ____ ____ results from an inherited deficiency of an enzyme that is critical in cortisol biosynthesis leading to an increase in serum ACTH (two words).
The beta cells of the pancreas synthesize insulin from the precursor _______, which is formed from a larger precursor molecule, preproinsulin.
ACTH deficiency with associated ____ of cortisol is a potentially life-threatening disorder.
Hormones that are released into the bloodstream circulate as free or unbound molecules, or hormones attached to _____ carriers.
The anterior pituitary gland secretes _____ hormone that stimulates growth of bone and muscle, promotes protein synthesis and fat metabolism, decreases carbohydrate metabolism.
Down
______ and hypophasphatemia are the hallmarks of primary hyperparathyroidism and may be discovered incidentally.
The level of many hormones are regulated by ____ feedback mechanisms.
SIADH is characterized by ____ levels of ADH in the absence of normal physiologic stimuli for its release.
Primary adrenal insufficiency, _____, is caused by autoimmune mechanisms that destroy adrenal cortical cells and is more common in women.
Decreased levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine stimulate secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus, which stimulates the secretion of thyroid-______ hormone
_____ disease is the underlying cause of 50-80% of cases of hyperthyroidism with a prevalence of approximately 0.5% in the US population.
Diabetes Insipidus is an insuffiency of ADH activity, leading to polyuria and ____.
The cardinal features of SIADH are the result of enhanced renal water _______.
In diabetes mellitus, _______ accumulates in the blood and appears in the urine as the renal threshold for glucose is exceeded, producing an osmotic diuresis and symptoms of polyuria and thirst.
The ______ pituitary gland secretes anti-diuretic hormone, which increases water reabsorption by the kidney.