The second heart sound, associated with the closure of the semilunar valves.
HR x SV= _____
Cells that do the mechanical work of the heart.
These function as tethers to prevent the valves from everting or opening into the atria during the high pressure cycle of the ventricles.
All the cardiac muscle cells become excited and contract as a single unit.
A tract of cells originating in the AV node and entering the septum between the ventricles.
right atrioventricular valve
Atrial depolarization
The heart contracts to empty.
The volume of blood remaining when ventricular chambers are not completely emptied during contraction.
Isovolumetric _____ is characterized by blood neither entering nor leaving the ventricles and the ventricular muscle fibers staying a constant length.
Can be used to diagnose abnormal heart rates, arrhythmias, and damage of heart muscle.
Located between the right atrium and the interventricular septum, where the spread of action potentials us delayed.
Ventricular repolarization
Down
Isovolumetric _____ happens when pressure in the ventricular chamber still exceeds atrial pressure (AV valves closed) but has fallen below aortic pressure (semilunar valves closed).
EDV – ESV = _____
Thickest portion of the heart wall and is composed of cardiac muscle.
The period at the end of the ventricular diastolic phase, just prior to the initiation of systole, is when the ventricular chambers are full of blood.
The first heart sound, associated with the closure of the AV valves.
Muscles protruding from the inner surface of the ventricular walls.
Thin inner layer of the heart, composed of the same endothelial cells that line the entire circulatory system.
left atrioventricular valve or mitral valve
Cardiac muscle fibers spirally arranged are interconnected end to end by these.
Increased end-diastolic volume results in increased stroke volume. Sympathetic stimulation increases the contractility of the heart, resulting in enhanced CO.
Cells that make up the conduction system of the heart and are responsible for initiating and conducting action potentials that are responsible for contraction of the working cells.
Cardiac autorhythmic cells do not have a resting potential; rather, the membrane potential slowly depolarizes toward threshold.
The heart relaxes to fill.
Small terminal fibers extending from the bundle of His throughout the ventricular myocardium.
The normal pacemaker of the heart.
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