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Chapter 3 Vocabulary: The Cellular Level of Organization

35 Points
Across
enzyme that functions to separate the two DNA strands of a double helix during DNA replication
condition marked by the presence of a double complement of genetic material (two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each of two parents)
small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division
clear, semi-fluid medium of the cytoplasm, made up mostly of water
life cycle of a single cell, from its birth until its division into two new daughter cells
cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which may or may not be associated with ribosomes (rough type or smooth type, respectively)
export of a substance out of a cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle
the thickest of the cytoskeletal filaments, composed of tubulin subunits that function in cellular movement and structural support
family of proteins that associate with DNA in the nucleus to form chromatin
region of attachment for two sister chromatids
process of producing an mRNA molecule that is complementary to a particular gene of DNA
consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on a DNA molecule that, when transcribed into an mRNA codon, corresponds to a particular amino acid
endocytosis of large particles
second stage of mitosis (and meiosis), characterized by the linear alignment of sister chromatids in the center of the cell
movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration
entire life cycle of a cell, excluding mitosis
any of several different types of membrane-enclosed specialized structures in the cell that perform specific
Down
membrane surrounding all animal cells, composed of a lipid bilayer interspersed with various molecules; also known as plasma membrane
endocytosis of fluid
diffusion of water molecules down their concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane
one of a group of proteins that function in the progression of the cell cycle
cellular organelle formed by a series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that functions in protein modification, tagging, packaging, and transport
consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a specific codon on an mRNA molecule
membrane-bound cellular organelle originating from the Golgi apparatus and containing digestive enzymes
form of transport across the cell membrane that requires input of cellular energy
import of material into the cell by formation of a membrane-bound vesicle
region of DNA that signals transcription to begin at that site within the gene
unit of chromatin consisting of a DNA strand wrapped around histone proteins
one of the coding regions of an mRNA molecule that remain after splicing
entire complement of an organism’s DNA; found within virtually every cell
membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances
non-coding regions of a pre-mRNA transcript that may be removed during splicing
full complement of proteins produced by a cell (determined by the cell’s specific gene expression)
third stage of mitosis (and meiosis), during which sister chromatids separate into two new nuclear regions of a dividing cell
cellular organelle that functions in protein synthesis