researchers group data into equal groups and select a subset of groups to randomly sample.
is a variable that records which of several categories a person or thing is in.
a ________ distribution is one that describes the distribution of a sample mean or sample statistic.
the term that refers to the most frequently occurring number found in a set of numbers.
a distribution where every discrete outcome has an equal chance of occurring (e.g. outcomes from a 6-sided die).
is the probability of rejecting the null, when the null is true (type 1 error).
states that no matter what distribution Y may have in the population, if the sample size (n) is large enough, then the sampling distribution will be approximately a normal distribution.
a sampling method where we separate our total population data into groups defined by their similarity (e.g. geographical region, SES level, or sex). Sample from each strata to create a final sample.
a distribution where every interval has an equal chance of occuring. (e.g. “our pizza will arrive in 30 mins or less” meaning every interval of time has the same chance of pizza delivery).
a variable that records the amount of something.
a smooth distribution of probabilities for a random, continuous variable. (e.g. the length of a leg or concentration of protein in urine).
is the logical opposite of the null hypothesis. It states that a statistically significant difference does exist between the population parameter and the sample statistic being compared.
a distribution of probabilities for discrete, binary events where the probability of event E is fixed at p.
is a numeric variable that is measured on a continuous scale.
a large ______ indicates a value of t-statistic, near the center of the t distribution (lack of evidence for HA), whereas a small ______ indicates a value of the t-statistic in the far tails of the t-distribution (more evidence against the HO).