Over-production of ______by inflammatory cells contributes to the pathogenesis of emphysema (9).
Hair-like projections on bronchial epithelial cells required to move mucus and clear trapped bacteria (5).
Bluish appearance due to lack of oxygen-carrying by hemoglobin in the blood of patients with chronic bronchitis (8).
_______ affecting bones is a possible complication of chronic lung disease (12).
Clinically (colloquially), patients with chronic bronchitis are termed....? (4,8).
Pulmonary hypertension often results as a consequence of hypoxic pulmonary …..? (16).
Chronic bronchitis will trigger the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO), resulting in the formation of more red ______ cells, and increasing the risk of hyper-coagulability (5).
High levels of carbonic acid in blood due to a lung disease (11,8)
Emphysema is classified as an obstructive disease due to loss of....? (6,8).
A lung disease characterised by an inability to efficiently inhale air into the lungs (11).
If left untreated, chronic bronchitis, emphysema (or most commonly both) can lead to _____(1,1,1,1).
Destruction of tissue in emphysema leads to a significant loss in usable tissue_________ available for gas exchange in lungs (7,4).
Chronic bronchitics have an increased susceptibility to ______ due to hyper-production and non-clearance of mucus (9).
A high concentration of carbon dioxide present in the blood (11).
Clinically (colloquially), patients with emphysema are termed....? (4,7).