Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the __________ membrane
Closable gaps on aboveground plant surfaces. When open they allow the plant to exchange gases with air. When closed they limit water loss
Glycolysis splits a __________ molecule into 2 pyruvate
Is the distance between the crests of two successive waves; measured in nanometers
Is electromagnetic radiation
This pigment synthesis increase in the fall and makes leaves appear red
In electron transfer _____________ electrons flow through electron transfer chains which sets up a hydrogen ion gradient that drives ATP formation
Carbon ________ is the process by which carbon from inorganic source such as carbon dioxide gets incorporated into an organic molecule
The _______ -Benson Cycle is where the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place. It is a cyclic carbon-fixing pathway that forms sugars from CO2
C3 plants are a type of plant that uses only the Calvin-Bension cycle to fix _______
Anaerobic pathway that breaks down sugars and produces ATP, CO2, and ethanol is known as ____________ fermentation
Accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chains
C4 plants are a type of plant that fixes carbon ________, in two cell types
ATP synthases drive the formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate by the __________ ion flow back to the matrix
Down
Fixes carbon by attaching CO2 to RuBP
Enters a mitochondrion and is converted to acetyl-CoA
Is an organic molecule that selectively absorbs light of certain wavelengths
Molecules of the electron transfer chain use energy releasing the electrons to pump the hydrogen ions across the membrane, from the matrix to the intermembrane space. This activity sets up and maintains a hydrogen ion ________ across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Cyclic pathway that helps break down pyruvate to carbon dioxide during aerobic respiration is known as the _________ cycle
Anaerobic pathway that breaks down sugars and produces ATP and lactate is known as ___________ fermentation
Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place in the _________
Sugar breakdown pathways that produce ATP and do not require oxygen
A photosystem absorbs light energy and releases _________
Set of reactions in which glucose is broken down to two pyruvate for a net yield of two ATP
Aerobic __________ is the oxygen-requiring metabolic pathway that breaks down sugars to produce ATP
Occuring in the absence of oxygen
3.4 billion years ago first cells appeared and they used __________ and hydrogen sulfide for energy
Type of plant that fixes carbon twice, at different times of day
Excess glucose is converted to __________ for storage in the liver and muscle tissue
Involving or occurring in the presence of oxygen
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It prints on two pages.
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