Describes a fluid that has a high overall solute concentration relative to another fluid
Membrane-crossing mechanism that requires no energy input is called __________ transport
A series of enzyme-mediated reactions by which cells build, remodel, or break down an organic molecule is called a ________ pathway
Passive transport mechanism in which a solute follows its concentration gradient across a membrane by moving through a transport protein
Law of thermodynamics is that energy is neither created nor destroyed
A number before a chemical formula that indicates the number of molecules
Molecules that are produced by the reaction
Describes two fluids with identical solute concentrations, at equlibrium
A phosphate-group transfer
Molecules that enter the reaction and become changed by it
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; occurs when there is a difference in solute concentration between the fluids on either side of the memebrane
Law of thermodynamics that energy tends to disperse spontaneously
Permeable to some substances and not others is said to be ____________ permeable
Process by which a cell expels a vesicle's contents to extracellular fluid
Pressure that a fluid exerts against a membrane, wall, or other structure that contains it, opposes osmosis
Is the spontaneous spreading of molecules or atoms, and it is an essential way in which substances move into, through, or out of cells
A reactant that is specifically acted upon by the enzyme
An organic cofactor, carry chemical groups, atoms, or electrons from one reaction to another, and often into or out of organelles