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Russia - Locations

Teacher: Professor Thomas
Across
Shares the eastern part of the European plain with other post-Soviet countries; considered the heart of Russia because the early Slavic peoples established what became the Russian empire here, with its center in Moscow; although occupies only about one-fifth of total territory of present-day Russia; has most of Russia's industry, the best agricultural land; and about 70 percent (100 million people) of the population of the Russian Federation; contains tiny exclave of Kaliningrad located on the Baltic Sea, and Murmansk, the ice-free port that faces the Arctic Ocean are here; vast majority of European Russians live in cities. Four major industrial regions are a. centered on Moscow, b. in the Ural Mountains, c. along the Volga River, and d. north of the Black Sea into Ukraine around Donesk. Most densely occupied area is from St. Petersburg on the Black Sea, down to Caucasia, and east to the Urals.
Center of the Eurasian continent, rain shadow of lofty mountains to the south; steppe grasslands to the north; deserts to the south with rivers that carry meltwater from the high peaks southeast; food gardens walled to protect against drying winds; crops domesticated in ancient times; ancient Silk Road, yurt; Russian imperialists replaced small-scale textile firms with modern mechanized textile mills and employing imported Russians and benefiting few locals
Rugged mountainous spine of volcanic origin; many ethnic groups; a piece of the Russian Federation on the northern flank; and three independent states of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijian which occupy the southern flank known as Transcaucasia and gained independence after Soviet collapse followed by smaller ethnic groups within the above three states rose up in armed conflict to obtain their own independent territories; physically, a subtropical intermountain band of valleys and high volcanic plateaus that drop to low coastal plains near the Black and Caspian seas; with more than 50 ethnic groups reflecting ancient migrations; emigration intensified after the communist era depleting the work force but had led to remittances sent back by those who left; transporting billions of barrels of oil oil from the Caspian Sea to world markets through contested territory by pipelines, trucks, and ocean tankers has been problematic.
Down
Moldova mixed cultures and Ukraine primarily Slavic with dance, cuisine, religious customs, architecture, ethnic artistry such as ornately painted Easter eggs; east/west tensions; warmer climate than Belarus and Russia; rich, black-colored chernozem soil; Moldova has fewer people and less economically diverse than Ukraine; both wanted to increase their participation in global agricultural market, Moldova with wine, nuts, fruit; the EU a strong interest in both countries with potential future membership which Russia does not want; EU helps them with border security against drugs coming through and undocumented immigrants from Asia into Europe
Extensive territory of mountain plateaus with long coastlines on the Pacific and Arctic oceans; 90 percent permafrost; coastal volcanic mountains stop warmer Pacific air from coming inland; immigrants, exiles, and prison camps; Solzhenitsyn's book "The Gulag Archipelago; timber, mineral extraction; Vladivostok is strategically important naval base and Russia's largest Pacific port; endangered species such as Siberian tiger and Kamchatka snow sheet; private investors interested in timber coal, natural gas, oil, minerals; Chinese and Japanese markets
Encompasses the West Siberian Plain beyond the Urals and about half the Central Siberian Plateau; 60 percent of the land has permafrost; taiga forest south of the permafrost range is said to sequester a great deal of atmospheric carbon;settlement is concentrated in cities in warmer southern quarter; scattered indigenous groups, some practicing nomadic herding and hunting; Soviets to lay claim dotted landscape with bleak urban landscapes and industrial squalor and exploit minerals, fish, game, and timber resources with cities like Novosibirsk.
Small, flat, glaciated, strewn with forests, dotted with thousands of small lakes; much radiation contamination after Chernobyl; Russified during 20th Century; culture survives mosstly in museums and historical festivals; Russia sees it as a buffer state against growing EU and NATO influence.