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chapter 10 vocab

Across
made of an outer protein coat or capsid that encloses the genetic material
Extremely harmful or dangerous in its effects
either of the nucleotide bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA: guanine is the complementary base of cytosine, and adenine is the complementary base of thymine in DNA and of uracil in RNA A.
A nitrogen-containing molecule that has the chemical properties of a base
are enzymes that assist in synthesizing long chains of nucleic acids
heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, which is similar to benzene and pyridine and that contains two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-membered ring
A complex process whereby the 'parent' strands of DNA in the double helix are separated, and each one is copied to produce a new (daughter) strand.
Down
the process of exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars
genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake, incorporation and expression of exogenous genetic material (exogenous DNA) from its surroundings and taken up through the cell membrane
any of certain carbohydrates derived from ribose by the replacement of a hydroxyl group with a hydrogen atom
The order of bases in a DNA molecule. Base sequence analysis: A method, sometimes automated, for determining the sequence of bases in a strand of DNA. Biotechnology: The use of biologic al processes to manufacture products.
any of the enzymes that use the energy derived from the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates to unwind the double-stranded helical structure of nucleic acids
Y-shaped point on a replicating DNA molecule where new strands are growing
constraints imposed by the molecular structure of DNA and RNA on the formation of hydrogen bonds among the four purine and pyrimidine bases such that adenine pairs with thymine or uracil, and guanine pairs with cytosine.
heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring