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Earth's Structure vocab

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Across
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Muts have the following characteristics: 1. occur in the natural world; 2. must be inorganic - cannot come from from materials that were once a part of a living thing; 3. a solid - definite shape and volume; 4. particles that make it up line up in a repeating pattern; 5. definite chemical composition or range of compositions
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Used to identify minerals - some but not all minerals have their own characteristic color
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Color of a mineral in powdered form. found by rubbing it on a white tile, or ______ plate
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A rock that forms from other rocks because of intense heat, pressure or chemical processes
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Naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a definite crystal structure and chemical composition
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A area of deep cracks that forms between two techtonic plates that are pulling away from eachother
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Solid geometric form that results from a repeating pattern of atoms and molecules; grow atom by atom to form a particular structure - these structures are grouped into six categories based on the number and angle of the crystal faces
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Minerals that do not contain silicate. these minerals can contain carbon, oxygen, fluorine,iron, sulfur
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A rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment
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The process by which material is laid down or deposited
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Minerals that contain a combination of silicon and oxygen, two of the most common elements on earth
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The rising regions of Earth's crust to higher elevations
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Strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core
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Thin solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle
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Sinking of regions of the earth's crust to higher elevations
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Supercontinent that formed 300 million years ago and that began to break up 200 million years ago
Down
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Process by which wind, water, ice or gravity transports soil and sediment from one location to another
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Tendency of a mineral to split along it's surface 0 breaks easily along flat surface forming smooth, flat surfaces
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Theory that the continents "drifted" on the surface of the Earth. This theory was replaced by the theory of plate techtonics
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Ranks 10 minerals from softest to hardest; measure of mineral's hardness
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Substance not made up of living things or remains of living things; like clam shells
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Solid, outer layer of the Earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle
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The way a mineral reflects light from its surface
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Theory that explains how large pieces of the lithosphere, called plates, moves and change shape
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Solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it
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Central part of the earth below the mantle
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Rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies
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Layer of rock between the Earth's crust and core