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Chapter 1- Crime and Criminology

Criminology: TheCore (Siegel Text)
T Esguerra
Across
A rule derived from previous judicial decisions and applied to future cases; the basis of common law.
A _______ measure is a measure that actually measures what it purports to measure.
The study of the victim's role in criminal events.
_____ ______ Theory is the view that crime is a function of a decision-making process in which the would-be offender weighs the potential costs and benefits of an illegal act.
________ criminologists examine how those who hold political and economic power shape the law to uphold their self-interests.
This type of behavior are actions that depart from the social norm. They may be criminal or non-criminal.
The _______ view is the belief that those with social power are able to impose their values on society as a whole, and these values then define criminal behavior.
________ _________ Theory is the view that disadvantaged economic class position is a primary cause of crime.
Treatment of criminal offenders that is aimed at preventing future criminal behavior.
The _____ _______ was a group of urban sociologists who studied the relationship between environmental conditions and crime.
Subarea of criminology that focuses on the correction and control of criminal offenders.
______ _______ Theory is the view that criminality is a function of people's interactions with various organizations, institutions, and processes in society.
The ________ view is the belief that the majority of citizens in a society share common values and agree on what behaviors should be defined as criminal.
A _________ measure is a measure that produces consistent results from one measurement to another.
Down
A lack of norms or clear social standards.
Code of ____________ is the first written criminal code, developed in Babylonia about 1750 BCE.
The branch of social science that uses the scientific method of the natural sciences and suggests that human behavior is a product of social, biological, psychological, or economic forces that can be empirically measured.
In this case, the Supreme Court barred mandatory life sentences for juveniles convicted of murder.
A declaration that expresses the prosecutor's decision to drop a case from further prosecution.
______ Theory is the view that criminality is a product of abnormal biological or psychological traits.
_________ ______ is a set of facts, information, circumstances, or conditions that would lead a reasonable person to believe that an offense was committed and that the accused committed that offense. It is the level of proof needed to make a legal arrest.
Pledge by the accused to return for trial, which may be accepted in lieu of bail.
The _____ _______ are the laws of the ancient Israelites, found in the Old Testament of the Judeo-Christian Bible.
This theory views human behavior as being shaped by interpersonal conflict and that those who maintain social power will use it to further their own ends.
The _______ view is the belief that criminal behavior is defined by those in power in such a way as to protect and advance their own self-interest.
A serious offense that carries a penalty of imprisonment, usually for one year or more, and may entail loss of political rights.