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PARLIAMENTARISM

Across
In Great Britain, laws derived from consistent precedents found in judges' rulings and decisions, as opposed to those enacted by Parliament. In the United States, the part of the common law that was in force at the time of the Revolution and not nullified by the Constitution or any subsequent statute.
In a parliamentary system, the tendency of legislators to vote consistently as a bloc with fellow party members in support of the party's platform.
Situation in French government in which the president and the prime minister differ in political party or outlook.
In parliamentary governments, a legislative vote that the sitting government must win to remain in power.
In the United Kingdom, the unwritten constitutional principle that makes the British Parliament the supreme law-making body; laws passed by Parliament are not subject to judicial review and cannot be rejected by the Crown.
The lower house in the German federal system; most legislative activity occurs in this house.
The power of a court to declare acts by the government unconstitutional and hence void.
A nation in which the various branches of government represent social classes.
Down
In a parliamentary system, the division of the functions of head of state and chief executive officer between two persons; the prime minister serves as chief executive, and some other elected (or royal) figure serves as ceremonial head of state.
The belief, which originated in England, that the out-of-power party has a responsibility to formulate alternative policies and programs; such a party is sometimes called the Loyal Opposition.
In contrast to the U.S. presidential model based on the separation of powers, parliamentary systems feature a fusion of powers in which Parliament chooses the prime minister who then forms a government; Parliament can in turn force the government to resign at any time by a simple majority no-confidence vote.
Focal point of France's bicameral legislative branch that must approve all laws.
The constitutional democracy founded in Germany at the end of World War I by a constitutional convention convened in 1919 at the city of Weimar; associated with a period of political and economic turmoil, it ended when Hitler came to power in 1933.
The upper house in the German federal system; its members, who are appointed directly by the Länder (states), exercise mostly informal influence in the legislative process .