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Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Across
The pressure that would have to be applied to a pure solvent to prevent it from passing into a given solution by osmosis, often used to express the concentration of a solution.
A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates
The passage of molecules or ions down their electrochemical gradient across a biological membrane with the assistance of specific transmembrane transport proteins, requiring no energy expenditure
A region along which the density of a chemical substance increases or decreases
A substance that is dissolved into a solution
Solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to take up water.
The dissolving agent of a solution. Water is the most versatile solvent known
A liquid that is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances
Down
The diffusion of free water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane
The property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances across them
The cellular secretion of biological molecules by the function of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane
The random thermal motion of particles of liquids, gases, or solids. In the presence of a concentration or electrochemical gradient, diffusion results in the net movement of a substance from a region where it is more concentrated to an area where it is less concentrated
Solution that when surrounding a cell will cause the cell to lose water
Protein that acts as on certain organic substances by promoting chemical changes through catalysis
A type of endocytosis in which large particle substances or small organisms are taken up by the cell. It is carried out by some protists and by certain immune cells of animals (in mammals, mainly macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells
Solution that, when surrounding a cell, causes no net movement of water into or out of the cell.
A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes
The movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient, mediated by specific transport proteins and requiring an expenditure of energy
The shrinkage of cells that occurs when the surrounding solution is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm. Water leaves the cells by osmosis, which causes the plasma membrane to wrinkle and the cellular contents to condense
Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of vessels from the plasma membrane
A lipid with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates