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Articulation and Phonology

Across
The smallest meaningful unit of language
Chief muscle of inhalation, lying just below the lungs.
Properties of speech associated with words, phrases, sentences, and continuous speech
A sensation determined by the frequency of sound vibration
Infant vocalizations that include adult-like sounds and syllables
Term used in reference to pure vowels
A paired, soft and spongy structure within which are ever-branching tubular structures called bronchi
One of Oller's stages; new sounds, in the form of squeals and growls, appear
Problems in producing speech sounds
Infant vocal productions in which a series of consonant-vowel syllables are repeated
The substitutions of stops for fricatives and affricates
Closed or nearly closed vocal folds
Infant vocalizing that typically begins at about 9 months of age; characterized by the production of vowel, consonant-vowel, and some consonant-vowel-consonant syllable combinations, with varying consonants and vowels from one syllable to another
Sounds that are resonated in the nasal cavity
A combination of two pure vowels
Phonemes produced by some narrowing or closing of the vocal tract
Variations of a phoneme
The combination of a consonant and a vowel
Down
The throat
Study of speech sounds, their production and acoustic properties, and the written symbols used to represent their production
One of the four basic speech processes. This system provides the air supply necessary for vocal fold vibration and speech production
Errors of many phonemes that form patterns or clusters
One of Oller's stages; reflexive vocalizations such as crying, fussing, coughing, sneezing, and burping
Consonants and vowels
Errors in producing speech sounds
The lower jaw, which forms the floor of the mouth and houses the lower set of teeth
A group or family of very closely related speech sounds that vary slightly in their production but are sufficiently similar acoustically that the listener perceives them as the same sound.
The replacement of sounds that have an anterior point of constriction with posterior sounds
One of the four basic speech processes; the production of voice through vocal fold vibration.
Phonemes produced with a relatively open vocal tract
Sounds made with a relatively greater degree of muscle tension or contraction at the root of the tongue