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September: National Traumatic Brain Injury Awareness Month

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Across
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______saline may be used in the treatment of ICP
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To reduce ICP, infuse 0.25 to 1g/kg. Check for crystals, use 0.22 micron filter, test dose may be pushed over 3-5 mins; infuse 30-60 mins. May repeat in patients with signs of impending herniation.
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Bruising of the surface of the brain causing altered LOC for more than 6 hours, speech problems, visual disturbances, and hemiparesis.
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Maintain ______ with PaCO2 35 to 38 mmHg
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______ hemorrhage: from HTN, aneurysm, trauma or AVM rupture.
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pressure = MAP-ICP; actual pressure of blood perfusing the brain
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Allow at least 10 _____ between assessment of each eye for consensual response to diminish.
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Normal _____ _____ pressure is 0 to 20mmHg
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Cranial nerve 1; damage common in head injury; results in anosmia and ability to discern only sweet and bitter tastes
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a leading cause of TBI for active duty military personnel in war zones.
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20% of people have slightly unequal pupils called _____
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Keep head elevated ____ degrees unless contraindicated for spinal injury
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account for 47% of all TBI-related ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States.
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The auditory branch of the _____ nerve is responsible for hearing. Can be tested using the cold water caloric (ice water) test
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Light shined into one pupil causes the other pupil to constrict, as well, called ____ response.
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___ hemorrhage: bleeding into the brain tissue or ventricles; large surrounding zone of edema and tissue ischemia.
Down
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Results from acceleration, deceleration or blast injuries that cause brain movement within the bony skull.
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clinical tool designed to assess coma and impaired consciousness, is one of the most commonly used severity scoring systems.
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Maintain normothermia. _____ are ineffective because of damage to neurologic regulation system.
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Results from tension, shearing, and compression strains created by rotational acceleration forces causing widespread, microscopic axonal disruption throughout the brain.
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Carbon dioxide is a potent vasodilator and will ______ CPP
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Cranial nerve 3; pressure causes pupil to fix and dilate on the side ipsilateral to the herniation
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If the tongue is midline, this nerve is intact.
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Gag and swallow are connected to this nerve and CN IX
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Avoid hyperventilation unless signs of ______ are present
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Bilateral, fixed pupils indicate severe ______ injury and possible brain death.
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____hematoma: highest mortality rate of TBIs; acute, subacute and chronic; common in alcoholics and elderly; one symptom of acute case is hyperthermia.
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____hematoma: Collection of blood between the skull and the dura mater; Rupture or tear of middle meningeal artery.