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September: National Traumatic Brain Injury Awareness Month

Across
______saline may be used in the treatment of ICP
To reduce ICP, infuse 0.25 to 1g/kg. Check for crystals, use 0.22 micron filter, test dose may be pushed over 3-5 mins; infuse 30-60 mins. May repeat in patients with signs of impending herniation.
Bruising of the surface of the brain causing altered LOC for more than 6 hours, speech problems, visual disturbances, and hemiparesis.
Maintain ______ with PaCO2 35 to 38 mmHg
______ hemorrhage: from HTN, aneurysm, trauma or AVM rupture.
pressure = MAP-ICP; actual pressure of blood perfusing the brain
Allow at least 10 _____ between assessment of each eye for consensual response to diminish.
Normal _____ _____ pressure is 0 to 20mmHg
Cranial nerve 1; damage common in head injury; results in anosmia and ability to discern only sweet and bitter tastes
a leading cause of TBI for active duty military personnel in war zones.
20% of people have slightly unequal pupils called _____
Keep head elevated ____ degrees unless contraindicated for spinal injury
account for 47% of all TBI-related ED visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States.
The auditory branch of the _____ nerve is responsible for hearing. Can be tested using the cold water caloric (ice water) test
Light shined into one pupil causes the other pupil to constrict, as well, called ____ response.
___ hemorrhage: bleeding into the brain tissue or ventricles; large surrounding zone of edema and tissue ischemia.
Down
Results from acceleration, deceleration or blast injuries that cause brain movement within the bony skull.
clinical tool designed to assess coma and impaired consciousness, is one of the most commonly used severity scoring systems.
Maintain normothermia. _____ are ineffective because of damage to neurologic regulation system.
Results from tension, shearing, and compression strains created by rotational acceleration forces causing widespread, microscopic axonal disruption throughout the brain.
Carbon dioxide is a potent vasodilator and will ______ CPP
Cranial nerve 3; pressure causes pupil to fix and dilate on the side ipsilateral to the herniation
If the tongue is midline, this nerve is intact.
Gag and swallow are connected to this nerve and CN IX
Avoid hyperventilation unless signs of ______ are present
Bilateral, fixed pupils indicate severe ______ injury and possible brain death.
____hematoma: highest mortality rate of TBIs; acute, subacute and chronic; common in alcoholics and elderly; one symptom of acute case is hyperthermia.
____hematoma: Collection of blood between the skull and the dura mater; Rupture or tear of middle meningeal artery.