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Unit 8

Across
Refers to various structures on Earth's surface, such as the continental plates
The second major era of geologic time, 230-65 mya, characterized by the emergence and extinction of dinosaurs
The evolutionary relationships of a group of organisms
Marine protozoans that have variably shaped shells with small holes
A relative dating method that uses the associations of fossils in strata to determine each layer's approximate age
Two or more forms of a chemical element that vary in the number of neutrons in the nucleus and by the atomic mass
A kind of light used in amino acid dating because it allows amino acid changes to be observed and measured
The principle that the lower the stratum or layer, the older its age; the oldest layers are at the bottom, and the youngest are at the top
The chemical reaction resulting in the conversion of L amino acids to D amino acids for amino acid dating
A chronometric dating method that uses a tree-ring count to determine numerical age
Fossils that are from specific time ranges, are found in multiple locations, and can be used to determine the age of associated strata
Rock formed from the crystallization of molten magma, which contains the radioisotope 40K; used in potassium-argon dating
The time it takes for half of the radioisotopes in a substance to decay; used in various radiometric dating methods
Plants that take in carbon through C4 photosynthesis, which changes carbon dioxide into a compound with four carbon atoms. These plants tend to be from warmer regions with low humidity and include corn, sugarcane, millet, and prickly pear
Down
Plants that take in carbon through C3 photosynthesis, which changes carbon dioxide into a compound having three carbon atoms. Tending to be from more temperate regions, these plants include wheat, sugar beets, peas, and a range of hardwood trees
Dating methods that use predictable chemical changes that occur over time
Layers of sedimentary rock, representing various periods of deposition
The process of matching up strata from several sites through the analysis of chemical, physical, and other properties
Major divisions of geologic time that are divided into periods and further subdivided into epochs
An absolute dating method based on the measurement of the number of tracks left by the decay of uranium-238
The era lasting from 65 mya until the present, encompassing the radiation and proliferation of mammals such as humans and other primates
Rock formed when the deposition of sediments creates distinct layers, or strata
A hypothetical landmass in which all the continents were joined, approximately 300-200 mya
Divisions of periods (which are the major divisions of eras) in geologic time