One of four nitrogen bases that make up DNA; it pairs with adenine.
A cell that has a full complement of paired chromosomes.
The second step of protein synthesis, involving the transfer of amino acids by tRNA to the ribosomes, which are then added to the protein chain.
Those amino acids that cannot be synthesized in the body; they must be supplied by the diet.
DNA, such as mitochondrial DNA, whose inheritance can be traced from mother to daughter or to son.
(ATP) An important cellular molecule, created by the mitochondria and carrying the energy necessary for cellular functions.
One of four nitrogen bases that make up DNA and RNA; it pairs with guanine.
All chromosomes, except the sex chromosomes, that occur in pairs in all somatic cells (not the gametes).
Substances, such as bacteria, foreign blood cells, and enzymes, that stimulate the immune system's antibody production.
One of four nitrogen bases that make up DNA and RNA; it pairs with thymine in DNA
molecules and uracil in RNA molecules.
Mendel's First Law, which asserts that the two alleles for any given gene (or trait) are inherited, one from each parent; during gamete production, only one of the two alleles will be present in each ovum or sperm.
The location of an allele, or gene, on a chromosome.
Molecules that form as part of the primary immune response to the presence of foreign substances; they attach to the foreign antigens.
Sequences of a gene's DNA (also known as exons) that are coded to produce a specific protein and are transcribed and translated during protein synthesis.