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UNIT 3 PART 1

Across
One of four nitrogen bases that make up DNA; it pairs with adenine.
A cell that has a full complement of paired chromosomes.
The second step of protein synthesis, involving the transfer of amino acids by tRNA to the ribosomes, which are then added to the protein chain.
Those amino acids that cannot be synthesized in the body; they must be supplied by the diet.
DNA, such as mitochondrial DNA, whose inheritance can be traced from mother to daughter or to son.
(ATP) An important cellular molecule, created by the mitochondria and carrying the energy necessary for cellular functions.
One of four nitrogen bases that make up DNA and RNA; it pairs with guanine.
All chromosomes, except the sex chromosomes, that occur in pairs in all somatic cells (not the gametes).
Substances, such as bacteria, foreign blood cells, and enzymes, that stimulate the immune system's antibody production.
One of four nitrogen bases that make up DNA and RNA; it pairs with thymine in DNA molecules and uracil in RNA molecules.
Mendel's First Law, which asserts that the two alleles for any given gene (or trait) are inherited, one from each parent; during gamete production, only one of the two alleles will be present in each ovum or sperm.
The location of an allele, or gene, on a chromosome.
Molecules that form as part of the primary immune response to the presence of foreign substances; they attach to the foreign antigens.
Sequences of a gene's DNA (also known as exons) that are coded to produce a specific protein and are transcribed and translated during protein synthesis.
Down
The predictable pairing of nitrogen bases in the structure of DNA and RNA, such that adenine and thymine always pair together (adenine and uracil in RNA) and cytosine and guanine pair together.
The process of cellular and nuclear division that creates two identical diploid daughter cells.
(tRNA) The molecules that are responsible for transporting amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis.
The application of genetics to the past, especially in anthropology and paleontology; the study of genetics in past organisms.
A chromosomal trisomy in which males have an extra X chromosome, resulting in an XXY condition; affected individuals typically have reduced fertility.
The process by which homologous chromosomes partially wrap around each other and exchange genetic information during meiosis.
Specific loci in nuclear or organellar DNA that have repeated units of 1-4 base pairs in length; they can be used in various genetic studies.
Refers to the condition in which only one of a specific pair of chromosomes is present in a cell's nucleus.
The building block of DNA and RNA, comprised of a sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases.
Refers to the inheritance, as a unit, of individual genes closely located on a chromosome; an exception to the Law of Independent Assortment.
A membrane- bound structure in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material.
The production of gametes through one DNA replication and two cell (and nuclear) divisions, creating four haploid gametic cells.
The sequences of three nitrogen bases carried by mRNA that are coded to produce specific amino acids in protein synthesis.