the control of water balance in organisms living in hypertonic, hypotonic, or terrestrial environments
a tube that releases urine from the body
Recovers useful molecules and water from the filtrate and returns them to the body fluids.
a part of a complex feedback circuit that normally partners with antidiuretic hormone in osmoregulation
the ability to survive in a dormant state when an organism's habitat dries up; also called cryptobiosis.
a layer or layers of specialized epithelial cells that regulate solute movements
Proteins that make the transport epithelium freely permeable to water
a funcional unit near a kidney glomerulus that controls renin release in response to chnages in blood pressure
animal that does not actively adjust its internal osmolarity because it is isotonic with its environment
the disposal of nitrogen-containing waste products of metabolism
a duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder
an adrenal hormone that acts on the distal tubules of the kidney to stimulate the reabsorption of sodium and the passive flow of water from the filtrate
the tubular excretory unit of the vertebrate kidney
a small, very toxic nitrogenous waste produced by metabolism
Down
network of dead-end tubules.
the discharge of wastes from the blood into the filtrate from the nephron tubules
an insoluble precipitate of nitrogenous waste excreted by land snails, insects, birds, and some reptiles
excretory organs that collect fluid directly from the coelom
removes nitrogenous bases and also functions during osmoregulation
a soluble form of of nitrogenous waste excreted by mammals and most adult amphibians
an animal whose body fluids have a different osmolarity than the environment and that must either discharge excess water if it lives in a hypotonic environment or take in water if it inhabits a hypertonic environment
solute concentration expressed as molarity
a very strong vasoconstrictor causing an increase in systemic blood pressure
in the vertebrate kidney, the extraction of water and small solutes, including metabolic wastes, from the blood by the nephrons
a hormone that is part of an elaborate feedback scheme that helps regulate the osmolarity of the blood
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