Pleural fluid provides lubrication during respiratory movements and a force that provides ______ or "sticking together" (high surface tension).
Whistling sounds that indicate obstruction of the small airways.
A marked decreased in oxygen levels in the blood. (Not hypoxia, which is decreased O2 in the tissues)
An ____________ medication will help remove the secretions from the lungs (promotes coughing).
Deep harsh sounds resulting form thicker mucus (When your sick with a chest cold or a patient with COPD).
The term used to refer to the ability of the lungs to expand.
___________ __________ dyspnea that occurs during sleep when the patient wakes up gasping for air and coughing. A sign of left sided congestive heart failure.
___________ is performed to visualize the inside of the lungs or check for a site of a lesion and/or obtain a biopsy.
Relaxation of the smooth muscle in the bronchioles.
________ volume is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration. Keeps the lungs partially inflated and continues to provide gas exchange.
_________ respirations are rapid and deep; indicating air hunger, typical in a state of acidosis or after strenuous exercise.
______ _______ refers to the passageways or areas where gas exchange cannot take place. This space is the space first filled by newly inspired air. The more dead space their is, the more effort to breathe is required.
Normal, easy respirations at a rate of 10-18 (or 20).
______ or crackles; light bubbly crackling sounds associated with serious conditions. (Occurs in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).
_______ volume is the total amount of air entering the lungs with each normal breath.
Down
Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) that occurs when a person is lying down.
______ __________ measures the maximum amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs.
Increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood.
_______ pain results from inflammation or infection of the parietal pleura. It is cyclic in nature and increases during inspiration because the pleural lining is stretched.
The _________ and the pons are the primary respiratory control centers in the brain.
A _______ ____ is a soft sound produced by rough pleural membranes moving against each other. (Sounds like if you rub your hand on a balloon)
________ _______ ____ levels are taken to measure oxygen, carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate levels as well as serum pH.
Blood tinged sputum.
__________ is a painless, firm, fibrotic enlargement at the end of a digit due to chronic hypoxia.
A high-pitched crowing noise, usually indicates upper airway obstruction.
Bluish coloring of the skin and mucus membranes as a result of large amounts of unoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood.
________ and sensitivity tests on exudates from the upper respiratory tract or sputum specimens can identify pathogens and assist in determining appropriate therapy.
Structure in which gas exchange takes place.
Subjective feeling of discomfort when a person can't inhale enough air and has difficulty breathing.
During normal expiration the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles ________, leading to a decrease in thoracic size.
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