Symbol - B, Atomic Number - 5, Atomic Weight - 10.811 u ± 0.007 u, Properties - Allotropic and exists as a powder or a metal-like substance. Color ranges from a dark brown to black powder or a jet-black to silver-gray metal-like element. Its crystalline form is very hard, lustrous, but brittle, Very high melting points, Good electrical conductor at high temperatures and a poor conductor at low temperatures.
Group - 13, Period - 2, Inert Gases - No, Non-Metal - Yes, Transition Metal - No, Noble Gas - No, Halogen - No, Use(s) of Elements- Used as a rocket fuel igniter and in pyrotechnic flares- Gives the flares a distinctive green colour. The most important compounds of this can be found in eye drops, mild antiseptics, washing powders and tile glazes.
Date discovered - 1808
Symbol - Ni, Atomic Number - 28, Atomic Weight - 58.6934 amu, Properties - Hard, silvery-white metal whose strength, ductility and resistance to heat and corrosion make it extremely useful for the development of a wide variety of materials - from wires to coins to military equipment. It is a fairly good conductor of heat and electricity.
Group - 10, Period - 4, Inert Gases - No, Non-Metal - Yes, Transition Metal - Yes, Noble Gas - No, Halogen - No, Use(s) of Elements - This element resists corrosion and is used to plate other metals to protect them, mainly used in making alloys such as stainless steel. It resists corrosion, even when red hot, so is used in toasters and electric ovens, Commonly used in desalination plants, which convert seawater into freshwater., Used for armour plating, in boat propeller shafts and turbine blades, in batteries, in hybrid vehicles, in coins - Example: US five-cent piece, finely divided used as a catalyst for hydrogenating vegetable oils. Adding it to glass gives it a green colour.
Date discovered - 1751 Present in metallic meteorites and so has been in use since ancient times. Artifacts made from metallic meteorites have been found dating from as early as 5000 BC It was not until the 1750s that it was discovered to be an element.
H, Atomic Number 1,Atomic Weight 1.00794 u ± 0.00001 u, Nontoxic, Nonmetallic, Odorless, Tasteless, Colorless, and Highly Combustible Diatomic Gas with the Molecular Formula H 2, Group - 1,Period - 1,Inert Gases - No,Non-Metal - Yes,Transition Metal - No, Noble Gas - No,Halogen - No, Added to fats and oils, such as peanut oil,used in the study of superconductors,used for hydrogenation vegetable oils, turning them into margarine and shortening, and some is used for liquid rocket fuel.
Date discovered - 1766
Symbol - V, Atomic Number - 23, Atomic Weight - 50.9415 u ± 0.0001 u, Properties - Bright white, soft, ductile metal with good structural strength. Resistant to attack by alkalis, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and salt water.
When present in compounds, it exists mostly in the oxidation state V.
The metal oxidizes in air at around 660 oC to the pentoxide (V2O5).
Group - 5, Period - 4, Inert Gases - No, Non-Metal - No, Metal- Yes, Transition Metal - Yes, Noble Gas - No, Halogen - No, Use(s) of Elements - catalyst, dye, color-fixer.
Date discovered - Discovered in 1801 by the Spanish scientist Andres Manuel del Rio.
Symbol - P, Atomic Number - 15, Atomic Weight - 30.97376 amu, Properties - The waxy, white form glows in the dark.
Group - 15, Period - 3, Inert Gases - No, Non-Metal - Yes, Transition Metal- No, Noble Gas - No, Halogen- No
Use(s) of Elements - Used in fertilizers, detergents, in the manufacture of safety matches, pyrotechnics, incendiary shells, smoke bombs, tracer bullets, etc., Used in the production of special glasses
Date discovered - 1669
Symbol - Ti, Atomic Number - 22, Atomic Weight - 47.867 amu, Properties - Lustrous, white metal when pure. Its minerals are quite common. The metal has a low density, good strength, is easily fabricated, and has excellent corrosion resistance. The metal burns in air and is the only element that burns in nitrogen. It is marvellous in fireworks. Resistant to dilute sulphuric and hydrochloric acid, most organic acids, damp chlorine gas, and chloride solutions. Considered to be physiologically inert.
Present in meteorites and in the sun. Some lunar rocks contain high concentrations of the dioxide, TiO2.
Group - 4, Period - 4, Inert Gases - No, Non-Metal - No, Metal- Yes, Transition Metal - Yes, Noble Gas - No, Halogen - No, Use(s) of Elements - Used as an alloying agent with metals including aluminum, iron, molybdenum and manganese. Mainly used in aerospace, aircraft and engines where strong, lightweight, temperature-resistant materials are needed.
As a result of its resistance to seawater, (see above) used for hulls of ships, propeller shafts and other structures exposed to the sea, in joint replacement implants, such as the ball-and-socket hip joint. This intensely white pigment, with a high refractive index and strong UV light absorption, is used in white paint, food coloring, toothpaste, plastics and sunscreen.
Used in several everyday products such as drill bits, bicycles, golf clubs, watches and laptop computers..
Date discovered- 1791
Symbol - He, Atomic Number - 2, Atomic Weight - 4.002602 u ± 0.000002 u, Properties -Unique properties: low boiling point, low density, low solubility, high thermal conductivity and inertness, so it is use for any application which can exploit these properties. First gas used for filling balloons and dirigibles.
Group - 18, Period - 1, Inert Gases - Yes, Non-Metal - Yes, Transition Metal - Yes, Noble Gas - No, Halogen - No, Use(s) of Elements - Used to inflate blimps, scientific balloons and party balloons, used as an inert shield for arc welding, to pressurize the fuel tanks of liquid fueled rockets and in supersonic wind tunnels..
Date discovered - 1868
Symbol - N, Atomic Number - 7, Atomic Weight - 14.00674 amu, Properties- Colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78.09 percent of Earth's atmosphere by volume. Common element in the universe, estimated at about seventh in total abundance in our galaxy and the solar system.
Group - 15, Period - 2, Inert Gases - No, Non-Metal - Yes, Transition Metal - No, Noble Gas - No, Halogen - No
Use(s) of Elements - forms most of atmosphere, Used in ammonia, Used by the electronics industry, Used in annealing stainless steel and other steel mill products,
Used as a refrigerant both for the immersion freezing of food products and for transportation of foods, As a liquid used by the oil industry to build up pressure in wells to force crude oil upward.
Date discovered - in 1772 by Daniel Rutherford
Symbol - Co, Atomic Number - 27, Atomic Weight - 58.9332, Properties - Brittle, hard, silver-grey transition metal with magnetic properties. It has a high melting point and is hard-wearing even at high temperatures. Its alloys also possess useful properties and so it finds use in high speed steels and cutting tools for instance. The physical properties resulted in its use in Vitallium, 1937 that is strong, has a good corrosion resistance and is tolerated by the body. These days its alloys are used less as they are heavy.
Group - 9, Period- 4, Inert Gases - No, Non-Metal - No, Metal- Yes, Transition Metal - Yes, Noble Gas - No, Halogen - No, Use(s) of Elements - Used in alloys for aircraft engine parts and in alloys with corrosion/wear resistant uses, used in batteries and in electroplating, This metals salts are used to impart blue and green colors in glass and ceramics, Radioactive-used in the treatment of cancer, Essential to many living creatures and is a component of vitamin B Used in permanent magnets, in guitar pickups and high speed motors.
Date discovered - The element was first isolated by Swedish chemist George Brandt in 1735.
Symbol - Na, Atomic Number - 11, Atomic Weight - 22.989769 u ± 2 × 10^-8 u, Properties- Soft metal, reactive and with a low melting point, with a relative density of 0.97 at 20ºC (68ºF). From the commercial point -most important of all the alkaline metals. Reacts quickly with water, and also with snow and ice, Group - 1, Period - 3, Inert Gases - No, Non-Metal - No, Transition Metal - No, Noble Gas - No, Halogen - Yes, Use(s) of Elements - Used as a heat exchanger in some nuclear reactors, and as a reagent in the chemicals industry. Most common compound-common salt, Added to food and used to de-ice roads in winter, Used as a feedstock for the chemical industry, Used as a water softener, Date discovered - 1807
Symbol - Ne, Atomic Number - 10, Atomic Weight - 20.1797 u ± 0.0006 u, Properties -Glows when a high electrical voltage is passed through it.
Group - 18, Period - 2, Inert Gases - Yes, Non-Metal - Yes, Transition Metal - Yes, Noble Gas - Yes, Halogen - No, Use(s) of Elements - The largest use is in advertising signs. Also used to make high voltage indicators and is combined with helium to make lasers. In Liquid form used as a cryogenic refrigerant.
Date discovered - 1898
Symbol - C, Atomic Number - 6, Atomic Weight - 12.0107 amu, Properties - Pure has very low toxicity. Inhalation of large quantities of this black dust (soot/coal dust) can cause irritation and damage to the lungs.
Three common crystalline allotropes are graphite, diamond, and (usually) fullerenes.
Exist in an amorphous state. Many allotropes commonly described as amorphous, however, such as glassy, soot, or black usually have enough structure to not be truly amorphous. Although crystalline nanotubes have been observed, they are generally amorphous.
Group - 14, Period - 2, Inert Gases - No, Non-Metal - Yes, Transition Metal - No, Noble Gas - No, Halogen - No, Use(s) of Elements - Steel, filters, In the form of coal used as a fuel.
Graphite is used for pencil tips, high temperature crucibles, dry cells, electrodes and as a lubricant.
Diamonds are used in jewelry and - because they are so hard - in industry for cutting, drilling, grinding, and polishing.
As black is used as the black pigment in printing ink. It can form alloys with iron.
The C radioactive isotope is used in archaeological dating.
These compounds are important in many areas of the chemical industry.
Date discovered - Known since ancient times in the form of soot, charcoal, graphite and diamonds.
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