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European Exploration Vocab

Across
Spanish colonial system whereby conquistadors were granted the right to extract labor and tribute from indigenous communities in the Americas in exchange for "protection" and Christianization.
A series of religious wars between European Christians and Arab Muslims started primarily to secure control of holy sites considered sacred by both groups.
Spanish explorers hoping to conquer the New World in the name of Spain.
gricultural method employed by some Native American tribes, particularly those in the Eastern Woodlands region. It involves the intercropping of three crops: maize (corn), beans, and squash, which complement each other's growth and nutritional needs.
The great revival of classical art, literature, and learning in Europe from the 14th century to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world
Improved Portuguese ships that made ocean travel possible.
civilization occupied a wide territory that included southeastern Mexico and northern Central America. Their society was sharply divided between the elite and commoners.
Down
Indigenous people who established a vast empire in South America, centered in the Andes Mountains region of modern-day Peru. They were known for their advanced agricultural techniques, monumental architecture (such as Machu Picchu), and administrative organization.
The widespread exchange of plants, animals, culture, human populations, diseases, and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Economic system that was prevalent in the Western world from the 16th to the 18th century. It was a nationalist policy that aimed to increase a country's exports and decrease its imports, and to accumulate wealth and resources within the country.
The 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era.
he ninth emperor of the Aztec Empire, reigning from 1502 to 1520. He initially welcomed Hernán Cortés and the Spanish conquistadors to Tenochtitlan but ultimately lost his life during the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.
Pre-Columbian Native American city located in present-day Illinois, near the Mississippi River. It was one of the largest urban centers of its time in North America, flourishing between the 9th and 15th centuries CE.
Built a powerful empire based in the city of Tenochtitlan (present-day Mexico City) and were known for their advanced culture, including impressive architecture, intricate calendar systems, and ritualistic practices.