In order to fulfill their duty of ensuring the laws are faithfully executed, the president must be able to _____ principal officers
For standing, injury must be ______ to D's violation of P's right
Congress has _____ authority to gather revenue
When the president acts without any grant or denial of power by Congress, they are acting in the zone of _____
P has no standing litigate generalized _______ if own injury no different from all citizens
Under the 13th amendment, Congress can regulate government and _____ conduct to prohibit slavery
The fundamental right to keep the family together applies to any _____ relation
Under the dormant commerce clause, state/local laws are unconstitutional if they place an undue burden on _____ commerce
Private property may not be taken for public use without _____ compensation
If a nonfundamental right is infringed, courts use this kind of review to determine if a law is constitutional
Because Congress has plenary, they may _____ state/local powers to regulate interstate commerce
Courts _____ to local legislatures for satisfying public purpose of a taking
Recently, courts have used the due process clause to invalidate excessive _____ damage awards
State/local laws that are _____ are likely to be unconstitutional unless they are necessary to achieve an important nonprotectionistpurpose
Footnote that presumes valid laws concerning commercial transactions unless they affect fundamental rights or minorities
Case is not moot if wrong is capable of _____ yet evading judicial review
Type of taking when the government confiscates or physically occupies property
Whether controversy is still relevant at each stage of litigation
The ______ judgment act allows for pre-enforcement review of statute so citizens not forced to choose between obeying questionable law and violating it to challenge constitutionality
Article 1.6: Congress may only act if given express or implied _____ in the constitution
Appropriate, according to Congress, for exercising an enumerated power
If a state/local government is acting as a business rather than a regulator, they can favor their own citizens/businesses under the _____ participant exception
During the _____ era, the courts aggressively protected economic rights
Courts prefer to use this rule when determining the existence of a regulatory taking