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3.3 & 3.4 Vocab Review

Teacher: Mrs. Snodgrass
Across
the diploid product of the fusion of haploid gametes (a fertilized egg).
the physical and physiological traits of an organism.
the allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote.
technique for diagnosing genetic defects while a foetus is in the uterus. A small sample of the placenta is removed and analysed. (3 words, no spaces)
exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during meiosis I. (2 words, no space)
a human genetic disease resulting from having an extra chromosome 21 (characterized by having a delay in mental development). 2 words, no space
genes on chromosomes that do not determine sex
one of two haploid reproductive cells, egg or sperm, whose union is necessary in sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote.
an abnormal condition caused by an X-linked recessive allele and characterized by the inability to clearly distinguish different colors of the visible light spectrum. (2 words, no space)
traits controlled by genes located on one sex chromosome but not the other. (2 words, no space)
a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one from each parent.
Down
a mutation in a gene that changes a protein that regulates the movement of salt in and out of cells; characterized by the production of thick and sticky mucus. (2 words, no space)
the genetic constitution of an organism
a chemical or physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes a mutation.
alleles at a particular locus that have different effects and are distinguishable in a heterozygous individual (e.g. AB blood groups).
an error during mitosis or meiosis in which both members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or both sister chromatids fail to move apart.
a sex-linked inheritable disease characterized by loss or impairment of the normal clotting ability of blood, so that a minor wound may result in fatal bleeding
disease caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4; the defect causes a part of DNA, called a CAG repeat, to occur many more times than it is supposed to.
a tool that helps to show all possible allelic combinations of gametes in a cross of parents with known genotypes in order to predict the probability of their offspring possessing certain sets of alleles. (2 words, no space)
the orientation of homologous chromosomes in the spindle axis during metaphase I is random and either maternal or paternal homologue may orient towards a given pole. (2 words, no space)
cells that have one chromosome of each pair (have one full set of the chromosomes that are found
chromosome pairs with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci.
the cellular lineage of a sexually reproducing organism from which eggs and sperm are derived. (2 words, no space)
an allele that has an effect on the phenotype only when present in the homozygous state.
cells have one chromosome of each pair (have one full set of the chromosomes that are found in its species).
the process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells from diploid to haploid.
one of the possible alternative of a gene, occupying a specific position on a chromosome, that controls the same trait
a hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism.